apartheid
apartheid — noun
1. the body of laws that once forced racial groups in South Africa to live, learn,
the body of laws that once forced racial groups in South Africa to live, learn, and vote by different rules, while giving white people much greater power and opportunity
Anjali's history class studied how apartheid controlled where Black families could live.
how apartheid controlled where [group] could live
A museum guide showed Eitan the pass books used during apartheid.
used during apartheid
After the film, Defne asked why apartheid kept children in separate schools.
The new exhibit explains how apartheid denied most citizens the right to vote.
Christopher's grandfather left Johannesburg after apartheid ruined his law career.
- racial segregation
broader term for separation by race; not limited to South Africa's legal system
- white-minority rule
stresses political control by a small white population rather than the full legal structure
- institutional racism
broader modern term for racist systems in institutions, not only South Africa
- integration
bringing groups together within the same schools, neighborhoods, or institutions
- equal rights
the principle that all citizens should have the same legal and political rights
用法筆記
Usually written simply as 'apartheid' when referring to South Africa's former system. Distinguish from sense 2, which extends the comparison to other systems of unequal separation.
常見錯誤
2. a system that keeps groups apart and gives one group better treatment, rights, o
a system that keeps groups apart and gives one group better treatment, rights, or chances than another
Residents called the permit scheme an apartheid that shut migrants out of the city.
an apartheid that + verb phrase
Critics warned that separate hospital lines would create a health apartheid.
create a health / digital / gender apartheid
Elena said the pay rules amounted to gender apartheid at the factory.
The report described the internet ban as a digital apartheid in rural schools.
Rachid argued that the border rules created an apartheid between local workers and foreign staff.
- segregation
broader and often less emotionally charged; can describe separation without the same level of inequality
- discrimination
focuses on unfair treatment itself, not the whole separating system
- exclusion
emphasises keeping people out, but not always through a full social structure
- integration
bringing groups into shared institutions and daily life
- inclusion
making sure all groups can take part on equal terms
用法筆記
Often modified by a noun such as 'gender', 'digital', or 'health' when speakers compare another unfair system to South Africa's past. The tone is strong and critical, not suitable for minor or harmless differences.