besides
/bɪˈsaɪdz/ (bre, ipa) · /bɪˈsaɪdz/ (ame, ipa) · /bi-ˈsīdz bē-/ (ame, mw)
besides — adverb
1. used to add one more fact, reason, or item, often with the idea of "also" or "wh
used to add one more fact, reason, or item, often with the idea of "also" or "what is more".
I do not want to drive tonight; besides, the roads are icy.
Besides, + clause adds another reason
The cafe is too crowded, and besides, the coffee is expensive.
Nina bought bread, eggs, and a small cake besides.
The twins speak Spanish and a little French besides.
We already have enough chairs; besides, guests may leave early.
文法句型
Besides, + clause
[item] + besides
用法筆記
Most often comes at the start of a second clause, followed by a comma, when the speaker adds another argument. After a list, it is a little more literary and means "as well".
常見錯誤
besides — preposition
1. used before a noun or -ing form to mean either "as well as" or, from the context
used before a noun or -ing form to mean either "as well as" or, from the context, "except for".
Besides math, Owen studies art and computer science at school.
Besides + noun phrase at clause start
Besides saving money, Priya cooks at home to eat healthier.
besides + -ing form
No one besides the night guard heard the window break.
Besides his grandparents, Leo has no family in Taipei.
Besides free breakfast, the hotel offers guests a late checkout.
- apart from
can express both the additive and the exceptive meaning, like 'besides'
- in addition to
clearly additive and slightly more formal
- except for
only shows the excluding meaning, not the additive one
文法句型
besides + noun phrase
besides + -ing form
用法筆記
When the sentence is positive, this sense usually adds something extra. With words like 'no one', 'nothing', or 'no family', it often means 'except for'. Unlike the adverb sense, an object or -ing form must follow.
常見錯誤
besides — adjective
1. other than the person, thing, or amount already named; any more.
other than the person, thing, or amount already named; any more.
The shop sells postcards, candles, and not much besides.
not much besides = not many other things
Do you need anything besides before we lock the office?
anything + besides = anything else
Who besides wants to join Kofi for the early train?
Rosa keeps old letters on the shelf and very little besides.
What besides should I pack for the beach tomorrow?
文法句型
who / what + besides
anything / much / little + besides
用法筆記
Usually follows words such as 'who', 'what', 'anything', 'much', or 'little'. This use is uncommon in modern everyday English; most speakers more often choose 'else'. Distinguish from the preposition sense, which is followed by its own object.