campaign
campaign — noun
1. an organized set of actions carried out over a period of time, with the aim of r
an organized set of actions carried out over a period of time, with the aim of reaching a specific result in politics, business, or social issues.
The charity launched a campaign to raise money for clean drinking water in rural villages.
campaign + to-infinitive for purpose
Ravi helped run the mayor's re-election campaign by knocking on doors every weekend.
A strong advertising campaign doubled the company's sales within six months.
The environmental campaign persuaded the city council to ban single-use plastic bags.
Several local groups joined the campaign against building a new highway through the park.
- drive
more focused on a single intense push, often shorter in duration than a campaign
- movement
broader and more grassroots-oriented, not always formally organized
- initiative
stresses the first step of starting something; can be smaller in scale
文法句型
campaign + for/against + noun
用法筆記
Often followed by a to-infinitive stating the goal, or by for/against + noun to indicate the target of the effort.
常見錯誤
2. a sequence of military actions — such as battles, attacks, or movements — that t
a sequence of military actions — such as battles, attacks, or movements — that together form one stage of a war and are aimed at a specific strategic outcome.
The general planned a winter campaign to push enemy forces back across the river.
military context: push enemy forces
During the desert campaign, the troops faced extreme heat and supply shortages.
Historians still debate the cost of the bombing campaign in terms of civilian lives.
The naval campaign lasted three years and involved hundreds of ships.
Poor weather forced the commander to call off the planned campaign through the mountain passes.
用法筆記
Domain-specific to war and armed conflict. Unlike the PLANNED ACTIVITIES sense, this sense does not take a to-infinitive goal-phrase.
常見錯誤
campaign — verb
1. to take part in organized activities over a period of time in order to achieve a
to take part in organized activities over a period of time in order to achieve a particular goal, especially in politics, social causes, or business.
Leila campaigned for better school funding by speaking at town hall meetings and writing to newspapers.
campaign + for + noun phrase
The residents campaigned against building a factory near their homes for over a year.
Yusuf is campaigning to become the student representative on the university board.
Dr. Okafor has campaigned tirelessly for free healthcare in rural communities since 2015.
Local farmers are campaigning against the new law that restricts water usage during dry months.
文法句型
campaign + for + noun
campaign + against + noun
campaign + to-infinitive
用法筆記
Intransitive only — you campaign for/against something or campaign to do something, but you do NOT campaign someone. Distinguish from noun/1 (PLANNED ACTIVITIES): the verb focuses on the action of participating, the noun on the plan itself.
常見錯誤
2. to register a horse, boat, or similar competitor for a race or sporting event, a
to register a horse, boat, or similar competitor for a race or sporting event, and to manage its training and participation.
The trainer campaigned his prize stallion in three major races across Europe last season.
transitive: campaign + horse in + competition
The Watanabe family has campaigned yachts in the annual regatta for over twenty years.
Beatriz campaigned her greyhound in local track events before entering the national championship.
Few owners can afford to campaign a boat in the prestigious America's Cup competition.
The trainer decided not to campaign the young horse this season, letting it mature further.
文法句型
campaign + noun (horse/boat)
用法筆記
Chiefly British and limited to competitive animal or boat sports. Unlike the ORGANIZE sense, this verb takes a direct object (the horse or boat). Used almost exclusively by owners, trainers, and sports journalists.