catapult

/ˈkætəpʌlt/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈkætəpʌlt/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈka-tə-ˌpəlt -ˌpu̇lt/ (ame, mw) · /ˈkæt.ə.pʌlt/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈkæt̬.ə.pʌlt/ (ame, ipa)

catapult — noun

  • catapultsingular
  • catapultsplural

1. a device that uses stored tension or a lever to shoot an object through the air

1.名詞B2
釋義

a device that uses stored tension or a lever to shoot an object through the air at high speed

例句

At the science fair, Arun built a small catapult from wooden sticks and rubber bands.

collocation: build/make a catapult

The engineers tested a catapult that could launch water bottles over a hundred metres.

同義詞
  • launcher

    broader term for any device that sends something into motion

  • sling

    simpler weapon using a swinging motion rather than tension mechanics

2. a small Y-shaped stick with a strip of elastic fixed between its two upper ends,

2.名詞B1
釋義

a small Y-shaped stick with a strip of elastic fixed between its two upper ends, held in the hand and used mainly by children to shoot small stones or pellets

例句

Diego found an old catapult in his grandfather's shed and shot pebbles at tin cans.

The Okafor brothers took their catapults down to the river and aimed at floating bottles.

同義詞
  • slingshot

    the standard American English term for the same handheld toy

  • shanghai

    Australian and New Zealand informal term, now somewhat dated

用法筆記

In American English this device is called a slingshot. The word catapult in the US usually refers only to the larger historical or mechanical devices.

常見錯誤

He used a catapult to shoot the bird.
He used a catapult to shoot at the bird.
💡the catapult shoots the stone; the person shoots at a target.

3. a large wooden war engine used in ancient and medieval times to hurl heavy stone

3.名詞B2
釋義

a large wooden war engine used in ancient and medieval times to hurl heavy stones, burning material, or other missiles at enemy walls and troops

例句

The defenders surrendered after a catapult sent a huge rock through the north wall.

The museum displays a full-size replica of a Roman catapult used in sieges.

collocation: Roman/medieval/siege catapult

同義詞
  • trebuchet

    a specific type of catapult using a counterweight rather than tension; often larger and more powerful

  • ballista

    an ancient catapult that fired large arrows or bolts rather than stones

  • mangonel

    a medieval catapult using twisted rope tension, mainly for throwing stones

4. a steam-powered or electromagnetic mechanism fitted to an aircraft carrier that

4.名詞C1
釋義

a steam-powered or electromagnetic mechanism fitted to an aircraft carrier that accelerates a plane from a standstill to flight speed within a few seconds

例句

The fighter jet roared off the deck as the catapult shot it to flight speed.

The bomber could never take off on so short a deck without the catapult.

同義詞
  • aircraft launcher

    descriptive term that avoids the historical associations of 'catapult'

  • launch bar

    specifically the component that attaches the aircraft to the catapult track

用法筆記

Found almost exclusively on aircraft carriers. Distinguished from the other senses by its specific military and naval context.

catapult — verb