cognitively
cognitively — adverb
1. in a way that relates to the brain's mental activities, such as understanding, l
in a way that relates to the brain's mental activities, such as understanding, learning, remembering, and solving problems
Playing chess is a cognitively demanding activity that exercises memory and planning skills.
collocation: cognitively demanding
The doctor said Grandfather was still sharp cognitively, even at ninety-two years old.
Wei found the new engineering job more cognitively challenging than his old office position.
The test measured how children develop cognitively between the ages of four and seven.
Learning a second language keeps the brain active cognitively and may help delay memory loss.
- mentally
broader — includes emotions; 'cognitively' is specific to thinking and reasoning
- intellectually
focuses on formal academic reasoning rather than all mental processes
cognitively — adjective
1. relating to the mental process of knowing, understanding, learning, and remember
relating to the mental process of knowing, understanding, learning, and remembering things
The study examined cognitive abilities in children who started reading at age four.
collocation: cognitive abilities
As people age, some cognitive functions like memory and attention may become slower.
collocation: cognitive functions
Dr. Amara specializes in cognitive psychology, studying how the brain processes information.
Playing puzzles can help improve a young child's cognitive development and problem-solving ability.
- mental
broader — includes emotional and psychological aspects, not just thinking
- intellectual
focuses on academic or learned knowledge rather than innate thinking processes
- emotional
relates to feelings rather than thinking
用法筆記
'Cognitive' refers to the brain's internal processes of knowing and thinking, while 'intellectual' relates more to the content of knowledge or academic pursuits. 'Mental' is broader and includes emotions.
常見錯誤
2. based on information gained through direct observation, measurement, or experien
based on information gained through direct observation, measurement, or experience, rather than on feelings or personal opinions
The philosopher argued that only cognitive claims based on observation can be scientifically tested.
formal/epistemological sense: cognitive claims
In the experiment, cognitive knowledge came from measurable data rather than the participants' feelings.
The report separates cognitive information, which can be proven, from personal opinions and guesses.
The scientist said the theory had no cognitive evidence that other labs could confirm.
- empirical
directly interchangeable in this sense; 'empirical' is more common
- observable
focuses on what can be seen rather than on the process of knowing
- factual
more general; implies truth rather than the method of verification
- intuitive
based on instinct or feeling rather than observation
- subjective
based on personal feelings rather than objective facts
用法筆記
This is a narrower, more technical sense of 'cognitive' used mainly in philosophy and formal scientific writing. In everyday English, the MENTAL PROCESSES sense is far more common.