commissioning
commissioning — verb
- commissioningpresent simple I / you / we / they
- commissionings3rd person singular
- commissioninging-ing form
- commissioningedpast simple
1. officially hiring an artist, writer, or builder to create something specific for
officially hiring an artist, writer, or builder to create something specific for you in return for payment, with the result usually being a one-off product.
The city is commissioning a young sculptor to create a fountain for the new park.
commission + person + to-infinitive
Caleb spent six months commissioning local artists to paint murals across the railway underpass.
The magazine is commissioning a series of photo essays on small island communities.
Élise was commissioning a new wedding ring from a jeweller in the old town.
Several universities are commissioning independent studies into student housing costs.
- ordering
more general; covers everyday goods, not just custom creative work
- engaging
focuses on hiring the person rather than the work produced
- appointing
official-sounding; usually for roles or positions, not pieces of work
文法句型
commission someone to do something
commission a piece of work
用法筆記
Object is usually a creative or research output (painting, study, report, building, song). Subject is typically an institution, company, or wealthy patron rather than an ordinary person.
常見錯誤
2. granting someone the formal rank of officer in an army, navy, or air force, usua
granting someone the formal rank of officer in an army, navy, or air force, usually through a ceremony at a military academy.
Hari was commissioning the new graduates as second lieutenants in front of their families.
passive shape: be commissioned as / into
The academy is commissioning ninety cadets at this morning's parade on the south lawn.
Britain stopped commissioning officers straight from civilian life after the First World War.
Eitan dreamed of commissioning his daughter into the navy when she finished her training.
- appointing
broader; covers any official role, not specifically military officer rank
- promoting
moving someone up; commissioning is the first granting of officer status
- decommissioning
removing rank or active service status
文法句型
commission someone (as) [rank]
be commissioned into [branch]
用法筆記
Almost always describes a formal ceremony, not a paperwork promotion. Distinguish from sense 1: this sense never takes a piece of work as object — only a person being given rank.
常見錯誤
commissioning — noun
1. an official body whose members are appointed by a government or large organisati
an official body whose members are appointed by a government or large organisation to investigate something, run an enquiry, or supervise an area of public life.
Kian was asked to give evidence to the commissioning on election fairness.
The government set up a commissioning to investigate the causes of the train crash.
set up / appoint / chair + a commission
Pim chairs the European Commission's working group on coastal flooding.
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission heard testimony from more than two thousand witnesses.
A commissioning of experts is expected to publish its findings next spring.
文法句型
a commissioning on [topic]
the [Name] Commission
用法筆記
Subject of verbs like 'investigate', 'recommend', 'rule', 'publish'. Often takes 'on' + topic ('a commission on prisons'). In English usage the noun 'commission' is far more common than 'commissioning' for this sense.
常見錯誤
2. the money a salesperson, agent, or broker is paid based on how much they sell or
the money a salesperson, agent, or broker is paid based on how much they sell or how much business they bring in.
Tomás earns a ten per cent commissioning on every car he sells at the dealership.
[N]% commission on X
The estate agents in Hyun's neighbourhood charge a higher commissioning than the online services.
Christopher's only income last winter was the small commissioning he made from selling kitchen knives door to door.
Many financial advisers now work for a flat fee rather than on commissioning.
Baraka split the commissioning evenly with the colleague who introduced her to the buyer.
- cut
informal; the speaker's share of a deal
- percentage
neutral; the share itself, not always tied to selling
- brokerage
specifically the fee a broker takes on a financial trade
- salary
fixed monthly pay, not tied to sales volume
文法句型
earn / get / pay [a] commission
on commission
[N]% commission
用法筆記
Often expressed as a percentage of the sale value. 'On commission' (without an article) is a fixed phrase meaning paid this way rather than by salary.
常見錯誤
3. a formal request that someone produces a piece of art, writing, or research for
a formal request that someone produces a piece of art, writing, or research for an agreed payment.
Lauren turned down a commissioning from a luxury hotel to paint murals in its lobby.
accept / turn down / take + a commission
The composer's first big commissioning was a piece for the city's centenary concert.
Sayaka pays the rent mostly through small commissionings from local cafés and bookshops.
Selim received a commissioning from the museum to write a guidebook for visiting students.
- assignment
broader; can be any task, not necessarily paid creative work
- brief
British; emphasises the instructions given, not the contract
- contract
formal legal document; a commissioning is more often a creative agreement
文法句型
a commissioning from [client]
accept / take a commissioning
用法筆記
Object/source is the client; product is usually creative or scholarly. Distinguish from sense 2 (sales-based pay): a commissioning here is the WORK itself, not a percentage of a sale.
常見錯誤
4. the actual carrying out of a crime, fraud, or other wrongful act.
the actual carrying out of a crime, fraud, or other wrongful act.
Two witnesses saw Megan near the bank around the time of the commissioning of the robbery.
the commissioning of + crime noun
The diary entries placed the suspect far from the city during the commissioning of the fraud.
Wei was charged with helping in the commissioning of a serious tax offence.
Several letters were sent before the commissioning of the assault, the court was told.
- perpetration
very formal legal term; almost identical meaning
- carrying out
neutral and clearer for non-specialist readers
- prevention
stopping the crime before it happens
文法句型
the commissioning of [a crime / offence]
用法筆記
Almost only appears in legal or journalistic writing; spoken English prefers 'when the crime was committed'. Subject of 'witness', 'aid', 'prevent'.
常見錯誤
5. the formal military rank that makes someone an officer, often confirmed by a sig
the formal military rank that makes someone an officer, often confirmed by a signed certificate from the head of state or armed services.
Zayd was proud to receive his commissioning as a naval officer at the age of twenty-two.
The framed commissioning hung above the fireplace in Lauren's grandfather's old study.
Caleb resigned his commissioning after eight years to study medicine in the south.
Megan held a commissioning in the Royal Air Force before joining the airline as a pilot.
文法句型
hold / receive / resign a commissioning
用法筆記
Possessive is typical ('his commission', 'her commission'). Distinguish from sense 6 (general authority to act): this sense is specifically military rank, not any authority document.
常見錯誤
6. the formal permission, written or spoken, to act for another person or body and
the formal permission, written or spoken, to act for another person or body and carry out a specific duty.
Hari travelled to the islands under a commissioning from the colonial governor in 1873.
act / travel / serve + under a commission from
The bishop gave the young priest a commissioning to set up a school in the mountain village.
Élise carried a commissioning from the king to negotiate peace with the northern tribes.
The lawyer was acting under a written commissioning from the dying landowner.
- mandate
modern equivalent; the right to act granted by authority
- authorisation
neutral; the document or act of granting permission
- warrant
formal legal document granting permission
文法句型
a commissioning to do something
act under [someone's] commissioning
用法筆記
Old-fashioned or historical in feel; modern English usually prefers 'authority', 'mandate', or 'authorisation'. Distinguish from sense 5: this sense is general authority to act, not specifically military rank.