concluding
concluding — adjective
1. coming at the very end of something such as a book, speech, ceremony, or event,
coming at the very end of something such as a book, speech, ceremony, or event, and finishing it off.
In her concluding paragraph, Folake thanked her family and friends.
attributive: concluding + paragraph
The concluding chapter of the novel explained why Felix had left town.
common collocation: concluding chapter
Eitan delivered the concluding speech at his grandfather's funeral.
The concluding scene of the play showed all the characters back on stage together.
Samir saved his strongest point for the concluding minutes of the debate.
- opening
the matching first-position adjective: opening chapter / concluding chapter
- introductory
for the very beginning section that sets things up
文法句型
concluding + noun
用法筆記
Attributive only — placed before a noun (the concluding chapter), never after a verb like 'be'. Common nouns it pairs with include chapter, paragraph, scene, remarks, speech, sentence, ceremony.
常見錯誤
concluding — verb
1. the present-participle form used when someone is finishing a meeting, speech, ce
the present-participle form used when someone is finishing a meeting, speech, ceremony, letter, or other event, often by saying or doing one last thing.
Concluding the meeting, Hoa thanked everyone for staying late.
fronted -ing clause: Concluding X, [subject] [verb]
Benjamin is concluding his speech with a short poem about his mother.
conclude with + noun phrase
After concluding the ceremony, the priest walked slowly down the aisle.
Felipe was concluding his letter when the doorbell rang.
Eliska finished the concert by concluding with a famous Czech folk song.
- ending
everyday neutral alternative; works in any context
- wrapping up
informal; common in spoken English for meetings and talks
- finishing
broader; can also mean physically completing a task, not only events
文法句型
conclude + something
conclude with + noun
conclude by + -ing
用法筆記
Subject is usually a person (a speaker, writer, or leader); the object is typically an event or piece of communication (meeting, speech, ceremony, letter, talk). Often appears in a fronted -ing clause: 'Concluding the meeting, she …'
常見錯誤
2. the present-participle form used when someone is forming a firm opinion after lo
the present-participle form used when someone is forming a firm opinion after looking at facts, clues, or test results — for example, a doctor deciding what is wrong with a patient, or a police officer working out who broke into a house.
After reading the report twice, Noor was concluding that the figures could not be right.
conclude that + clause
Luca kept concluding from the muddy footprints that someone had walked through the kitchen.
conclude from + evidence + that-clause
The doctor was concluding that Hui had simply caught a bad cold and needed rest.
Concluding that no one was home, the postman left the parcel by the back door.
Feng was concluding from the broken glass that a small bird had flown into the window.
- deciding
broader; doesn't always involve weighing evidence
- inferring
more formal and academic; emphasises the logical step from evidence
- working out
informal; suggests solving a small puzzle rather than reaching a firm judgement
文法句型
conclude that + clause
conclude from + evidence + that + clause
用法筆記
Almost always takes a that-clause naming the opinion that has been formed. Distinguish from sense 1 (BRING TO END): here nothing physical is being finished — someone is making up their mind based on facts.
常見錯誤
3. the present-participle form used when two sides are finally settling and signing
the present-participle form used when two sides are finally settling and signing a deal, treaty, contract, or formal arrangement after talks.
The two governments are concluding a trade deal that has taken three years to negotiate.
conclude + a [trade] deal
Paloma's firm is concluding a five-year contract with a hospital in Lagos.
conclude + a contract + with + organisation
After months of careful talks, the two countries were finally concluding a peace treaty.
Jabari's team spent the morning concluding the sale of an old factory in Birmingham.
At midnight the lawyers were still concluding the agreement under candlelight.
- finalising
very close; emphasises the last paperwork stage
- signing
narrower; focuses on the moment names go on the document
- settling
informal; can also mean ending a dispute, not only making a deal
- breaking off
for ending talks before any deal is reached
文法句型
conclude + a deal / treaty / agreement / contract
conclude + an agreement with someone
用法筆記
Object must be something formal that two or more parties agree to: a deal, treaty, contract, agreement, sale. Distinguish from sense 1 (BRING TO END), where the object is an event being finished, and from sense 2 (DECIDE FROM EVIDENCE), where there is a that-clause.