condensation

/ˌkɒndenˈseɪʃn/ (bre, ipa) · /ˌkɑːndenˈseɪʃn/ (ame, ipa) · /ˌkän-ˌden-ˈsā-shən -dən-/ (ame, mw)

condensation — noun

1. small droplets you can see collecting on something cold — like a window, bathroo

1.名詞B2
釋義

small droplets you can see collecting on something cold — like a window, bathroom mirror, or chilled glass — when warm moist air around the object cools

例句

Mira wiped the condensation off the bathroom mirror before brushing her teeth.

condensation off + [surface]

Every winter morning, thick condensation forms on the kitchen window in Christopher's old farmhouse.

condensation forms on + [surface]

同義詞
  • moisture

    broader — any small amount of water, not specifically droplets formed by cooling

  • dew

    outdoor droplets that form on grass or leaves overnight; not used for window condensation indoors

文法句型

condensation on [surface]

用法筆記

Almost always uncountable. Subject is typically a surface that is colder than the surrounding air (window, mirror, glass, pipe). Distinguish from sense 2 (the physical process): sense 1 is the visible water itself, sense 2 is the change of state that produced it.

常見錯誤

The window had many condensations.
The window had a lot of condensation.
💡uncountable, no plural and no 'many'.
I cleaned the condensations from the mirror.
I cleaned the condensation from the mirror.
💡same uncountable rule.

2. the physical change in which a gas turns into a liquid (and sometimes directly i

2.名詞C1
釋義

the physical change in which a gas turns into a liquid (and sometimes directly into a solid), usually because its temperature drops

例句

Clouds are formed by the condensation of water vapor high in the cool air.

condensation of [substance]

Élise's chemistry teacher used a kettle and a cold plate to demonstrate condensation in class.

demonstrate condensation

同義詞
  • liquefaction

    technical synonym, especially for turning a gas into liquid under pressure; rare outside science writing

反義詞
  • evaporation

    the opposite process: liquid turning into gas as it warms

  • vaporization

    any change from liquid (or solid) into gas; broader than evaporation

文法句型

condensation of [substance]

用法筆記

Used in physics, chemistry, and weather contexts. Often paired with 'evaporation' as opposite processes. Subject is typically a gas or vapor (water vapor, steam, ammonia). Distinguish from sense 1: sense 2 is the named process; sense 1 is the visible result of it on a surface.

常見錯誤

A condensation happens when steam cools.
Condensation happens when steam cools.
💡uncountable, no 'a'.

3. the act of making a long piece of writing or speech much shorter by leaving out

3.名詞C2
釋義

the act of making a long piece of writing or speech much shorter by leaving out details that are not essential, or the short version that results

例句

The magazine printed a condensation of Vivek's three-hundred-page memoir for its summer issue.

a condensation of [book / work]

Yan asked the editor for a careful condensation of the report before the board meeting.

a careful / skilful condensation

同義詞
  • abridgment

    near-synonym, slightly more formal; typically used for shortened books

  • summary

    broader and more common; can be informal notes, not necessarily a polished short version

  • digest

    a published short version, often of news or articles

反義詞
  • expansion

    the opposite: making a short work longer with more detail

文法句型

a condensation of [longer work]

用法筆記

Formal register; common in publishing and academic contexts. Object is typically a long written or spoken work (book, report, speech, lecture). Often used with adjectives like 'skilful', 'careful', 'tight'. Distinguish from sense 1 and 2: this sense has nothing to do with water or gases — it is about textual abridgment.

常見錯誤

I read the condensation of the speech yesterday.' (when meaning the rough notes)
I read the summary of the speech yesterday.
💡'condensation' implies a polished short version, not informal notes.