endemic
/enˈdemɪk/ (bre, ipa) · /enˈdemɪk/ (ame, ipa) · /en-ˈde-mik in-/ (ame, mw)
endemic — adjective
- endemicpositive
- more endemiccomparative
- most endemicsuperlative
1. used for a disease, condition, or serious problem that keeps existing in one reg
used for a disease, condition, or serious problem that keeps existing in one region or community for a long time
Malaria is endemic in the valley, so every clinic stocks test kits.
be endemic in + place
For decades, bad housing made chest infections endemic among dock workers.
endemic among + group
After the floods, skin disease became endemic in several crowded camps.
Village officials feared the water shortage would become endemic after three failed harvests.
- prevalent
broader and not always tied to one place or population
- persistent
stresses continuing over time more than local spread
- entrenched
often used when a social problem is hard to remove
- sporadic
happens only from time to time rather than staying present
- eradicated
removed instead of continuing in the community
文法句型
be endemic in + place
be endemic among + group
[disease/problem] + become endemic in + area
用法筆記
Most often appears after be, become, or remain and usually names a place or group with in or among. Distinguish from sense 2: this sense is about something continuing in a population, not about a species being native there.
常見錯誤
2. used for a plant, animal, or species that belongs naturally to one area and did
used for a plant, animal, or species that belongs naturally to one area and did not originate elsewhere
This orchid is endemic to the island and grows nowhere else on Earth.
be endemic to + place
Several frogs endemic to Madagascar lay eggs in shallow forest pools.
species endemic to + area
The guide showed us a lizard endemic to one mountain in Taiwan.
Because the fox is endemic to the cape, hunters cannot move it inland.
- native
broader and does not always suggest a narrow range
- indigenous
more formal and common in scientific or policy writing
- local
weaker because something local may also exist elsewhere
- introduced
brought from another place rather than naturally belonging there
- invasive
spread into an area where the species is not naturally native
文法句型
be endemic to + island/region
[species] + endemic to + area
species endemic to + mountain/forest
用法筆記
Usually follows the name of the species and is strongly linked with to plus a place. Distinguish from sense 1: this sense describes natural range, not a disease that stays common in a population.
常見錯誤
endemic — noun
1. a disease that keeps returning in the same area or group as part of the usual lo
a disease that keeps returning in the same area or group as part of the usual local pattern
For years, cholera was an endemic in the river towns after each rainy season.
an endemic in + place
Doctors now treat dengue as an endemic instead of a one-season emergency.
treat + disease + as an endemic
Public health teams feared the fever would become an endemic in mining camps.
Once the virus became an endemic, local hospitals changed their yearly plans.
- endemic disease
the clearer and more common everyday wording
- persistent infection
stresses continuing presence, though it does not always imply locality
文法句型
an endemic in + place
become an endemic
treat + disease + as an endemic
用法筆記
This noun is mostly used in formal medical writing and often appears after become, remain, or treat as. In everyday English, people more often say endemic disease than use endemic alone as a noun.
2. a plant or animal that exists as a native form in only one limited area
a plant or animal that exists as a native form in only one limited area
The biologist counted two endemics on the cliff, both found only on this coast.
count + number + endemics
Park maps mark the island's endemics with a small green leaf symbol.
the island's endemics
One endemic of the lake survives by hiding eggs under flat stones.
Seed banks protect rare endemics before storms wipe out whole slopes.
- native species
broader everyday phrase and not always limited to one area
- local species
general phrase that does not always imply uniqueness
- introduced species
a species brought from another place
- migrant species
moves across regions instead of belonging to only one
文法句型
an endemic of + island/region
rare endemics
protect + local endemics
用法筆記
Mostly appears in biology writing, especially in the plural when people discuss the special species of one place. In general English, native species is more common than endemic used as a noun.