excluded

/ɪksˈkluːd/ (bre, ipa) · [ɪksklˈudəd] /ɪksˈkluːd/ (ame, ipa) · [ɪksklˈudəd] /ik-ˈsklüd/ (ame, mw)

excluded — verb

  • excludedpresent simple I / you / we / they
  • excludeds3rd person singular
  • excludeding-ing form
  • excludededpast simple

1. to stop a person, animal, or thing from going into a place or from being part of

1.動詞及物B1
釋義

to stop a person, animal, or thing from going into a place or from being part of an activity

例句

Oliver was excluded from the meeting because he had not finished his research.

passive: be excluded from [event]

The new security system excludes all visitors who do not carry a valid ID card.

同義詞
  • shut out

    more informal; suggests completely blocking entry or access

  • bar

    stronger formality; often implies an official or legal prohibition

  • keep out

    everyday language; used for both physical and social exclusion

反義詞
  • include

    the direct opposite; to make someone part of a group or activity

  • admit

    to allow someone to enter a place

文法句型

exclude + noun phrase + from + noun phrase

用法筆記

Often used in the passive voice (be excluded from). The object being excluded is typically a person or group, and the target is a physical place or a social activity.

常見錯誤

❌The teacher excluded the student to the classroom.
✅The teacher excluded the student from the classroom.
💡Use 'from' (not 'to') to indicate the place or activity the person is kept out of.

2. to deliberately leave something out and not treat it as part of a list, total, c

2.動詞及物B1
釋義

to deliberately leave something out and not treat it as part of a list, total, contract, or category

例句

The insurance policy excludes damage caused by natural disasters such as floods.

collocation: exclude [item] from [policy/contract]

Wei checked the ingredients list carefully because the recipe excludes all dairy products.

同義詞
  • omit

    more neutral; can be accidental or deliberate

  • leave out

    everyday language; to not include something

  • skip

    informal; to deliberately pass over something

反義詞
  • include

    to make something part of a total, list, or category

  • cover

    in insurance or contract contexts, to provide protection or payment for

文法句型

exclude + noun phrase + from + noun phrase

用法筆記

Common in legal, financial, and contractual contexts where terms specify what is not covered or included. The excluded item is typically a cost, item, or category rather than a person.

常見錯誤

❌The price excludes tax, so subtract ten percent.' (when tax is an extra cost)
✅The price excludes tax, so add ten percent.
💡When something is excluded from a total, you need to add it to get the final amount.

3. to conclude that a specific idea, theory, or possibility is false and therefore

3.動詞及物B2
釋義

to conclude that a specific idea, theory, or possibility is false and therefore no longer worth examining

例句

The police have not excluded the possibility that the fire was started on purpose.

exclude + the possibility + that-clause

Noa's doctor excluded a broken ankle after carefully looking at the X-ray images.

同義詞
  • rule out

    common phrasal verb; slightly more informal

  • discount

    formal; to consider something unlikely or unimportant

  • dismiss

    to decide that something is not worth serious attention

反義詞
  • consider

    to think about a possibility as one option among others

  • entertain

    formal; to allow oneself to think about a possibility

文法句型

exclude + the possibility + that-clause

exclude + noun phrase

用法筆記

Frequently takes a noun phrase such as 'the possibility', 'the chance', or 'the theory' as its object. The subject is typically an authority figure or group such as police, scientists, doctors, or a committee.

常見錯誤

❌The doctor excluded that the patient had a virus.
✅The doctor excluded the possibility that the patient had a virus.
💡This sense needs an object like 'possibility', 'chance', or 'theory'; you cannot directly 'exclude' a fact or statement.

4. to force someone to leave a place, group, or institution that they were previous

4.動詞及物B2
釋義

to force someone to leave a place, group, or institution that they were previously part of, as a punishment or due to policy

例句

The student was excluded from school after being caught cheating on the final exam.

passive: be excluded from [institution]

After the financial scandal, the board voted to exclude the director from all committee meetings.

同義詞
  • expel

    stronger; formal removal with more serious consequences, usually from an institution

  • ban

    to officially forbid someone from entering or taking part

  • oust

    formal; to force someone out of a position or organization

反義詞
  • admit

    to allow someone to enter or join a place or organization

  • welcome

    to greet someone in a friendly way when they join a group

文法句型

exclude + noun phrase + from + noun phrase

用法筆記

Distinguish from sense 1 (KEEP OUT). Sense 1 prevents entry from the start, while sense 4 removes someone who already had access or membership. The subject is usually an institution such as a school, club, or professional body.

常見錯誤

❌He was excluded from his job by the company.' (when meaning fired)
✅He was dismissed from his job by the company.
💡'Exclude' means to bar from entry or participation, not to terminate employment. Use 'dismiss' or 'fire' for losing a job.