first-hand

first-hand — adjective

1. based on what you personally saw, did, or felt — not on what someone else told y

1.形容詞B2
釋義

based on what you personally saw, did, or felt — not on what someone else told you or what you read about later.

例句

Meera wrote a first-hand account of the floods she saw in three villages.

first-hand + account (typical noun collocation)

As an emergency-room nurse, Apinya gained first-hand knowledge of how the virus spread.

first-hand + knowledge

同義詞
  • direct

    very close meaning; 'direct experience' is interchangeable with 'first-hand experience'.

  • eyewitness

    narrower — only about seeing events in person, e.g. 'an eyewitness account'.

  • personal

    wider; covers any private experience, not necessarily 'as a witness to events'.

反義詞
  • second-hand

    based on what someone else told you, not on personal experience.

  • indirect

    received through other people or sources rather than experienced yourself.

文法句型

first-hand + noun (account, experience, knowledge, report)

用法筆記

Almost always used before a noun (attributive). Common partners: account, knowledge, experience, report, testimony, information. Cannot normally come after 'be' — say 'a first-hand account' rather than 'the account was first-hand'.

常見錯誤

❌The story was first-hand.
✅It was a first-hand story.
💡'first-hand' is normally used before a noun, not after 'be'.
❌a first-handed report
✅a first-hand report
💡no '-ed' ending; the adjective form is just 'first-hand'.

first-hand — adverb