fortified
/ˈfɔː.tɪ.faɪd/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈfɔːr.t̬ə.faɪd/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈfȯr-tə-ˌfīd/ (ame, mw)
fortified — adjective
- fortifiedpositive
- more fortifiedcomparative
- most fortifiedsuperlative
1. of a city, building, or place: protected from enemy attack by thick walls, tower
of a city, building, or place: protected from enemy attack by thick walls, towers, or other military structures built around it
Carcassonne is a fortified medieval town with two rings of stone walls.
fortified + noun (place name as scenario anchor)
Roman legions camped each night inside a fortified position with ditches and wooden stakes.
fortified + noun (military context)
Jude photographed the fortified hill fort during his trip to north Wales.
The rebels could not take the fortified palace, even after a six-month siege.
Tourists can still walk along the fortified gates that once guarded the old city.
- unfortified
direct opposite: with no defensive structures
- open
of a city: undefended and free to enter
文法句型
fortified + noun (city, town, wall, position)
用法筆記
Almost always used before a noun (attributive). Common nouns: city, town, wall, gate, position, camp, palace, monastery. Rarely used after 'be' in this sense — 'the city is fortified' sounds more like an action result than a fixed description.
常見錯誤
2. of a food, drink, or cereal: having extra vitamins, minerals, or other nutrients
of a food, drink, or cereal: having extra vitamins, minerals, or other nutrients put into it so that it is healthier to eat
Brandon poured a bowl of cereal fortified with iron and B vitamins.
collocation: fortified with [nutrient]
Many schools now serve milk fortified with vitamin D to younger children.
passive-like: noun + fortified with + nutrient
Femi reads every label, looking for breads fortified with folic acid.
The flour sold here is fortified with calcium, helping families avoid bone problems.
Aylin chose an oat drink fortified with calcium because she does not drink cow's milk.
- enriched
near-synonym in food labelling; enriched often replaces nutrients lost in processing, fortified often adds more than the original food had
- supplemented
more clinical; usually about pills or diets, less about packaged foods
- unfortified
without added nutrients (e.g. unfortified rice)
- plain
informal: without extras of any kind
文法句型
fortified with + noun (vitamins, iron, calcium)
用法筆記
Almost always followed by 'with + [nutrient]'. Subject is typically a staple food: cereal, flour, milk, bread, salt. Distinguish from sense 4: nutrient fortification (sense 2) makes the food healthier; alcohol fortification (sense 4) raises the drink's strength.
常見錯誤
3. of a wine or similar drink: having extra spirits such as brandy added during or
of a wine or similar drink: having extra spirits such as brandy added during or after fermentation, which raises the alcohol level and changes the flavour
Sora poured small glasses of fortified wine for the guests after dessert.
collocation: fortified wine
Port and sherry are the two most famous fortified wines in the world.
fortified wine as a classification
Esteban explained that fortified wine usually contains around twenty percent alcohol.
A small glass of fortified wine helped Indra's grandmother sleep after dinner.
The cellar in Porto holds barrels of fortified wine aging slowly for decades.
- dessert wine
overlapping category — most fortified wines are sweet and drunk with dessert, but not all dessert wines are fortified
- unfortified
table wine with only its natural fermentation alcohol
文法句型
fortified + noun (wine, beverage)
用法筆記
Subject is almost always 'wine' — collocates strongly as 'fortified wine'. The named members of this class (port, sherry, Madeira, Marsala, vermouth) are usually called by their own name; the umbrella term 'fortified wine' covers all of them.
常見錯誤
4. made physically stronger by adding extra material such as steel, concrete, or th
made physically stronger by adding extra material such as steel, concrete, or thick padding, so that the thing can resist heavy loads, blows, or pressure
Rohan kicked open the fortified door, which was lined with metal sheets.
collocation: fortified door / fortified vehicle
The bank kept its cash inside a fortified safe bolted to the basement floor.
Engineers built the bridge with fortified concrete to handle heavy trucks.
Adina's car has a fortified windscreen that does not crack when small stones hit it.
Soldiers travelled to the border in a fortified vehicle with steel plates on every side.
- reinforced
closest synonym; reinforced is the more common engineering term, fortified often suggests security or threat
- armoured
narrower — armoured specifies metal plating, especially for vehicles or doors
- flimsy
weak and easy to break
- unreinforced
technical opposite, especially of structures
文法句型
fortified + noun (structure, material)
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1: sense 1 is about military defence of places; this sense is about physical reinforcement of everyday objects (doors, vehicles, safes, glass, concrete). The added material is usually named or implied (steel, padding, reinforced bars).
常見錯誤
5. of a person: feeling braver, calmer, or physically stronger because of something
of a person: feeling braver, calmer, or physically stronger because of something received, such as a meal, kind words, faith, or good news
Christopher felt fortified by a hot breakfast before the long mountain hike.
fortified by + noun (predicative position)
Fortified by her mother's advice, Luca walked confidently into the interview room.
fronted: Fortified by X, Subject + verb
The runners felt fortified by the loud cheers from the crowd along the route.
Jessica went into the meeting fortified by two cups of strong coffee.
Rin felt fortified by her prayers and walked calmly into the courtroom.
- strengthened
broader and more common; strengthened can be physical or emotional
- emboldened
narrower — emboldened means specifically given the courage to act
- heartened
near-synonym for the emotional sense; less about physical energy
- weakened
physically or mentally less strong than before
- discouraged
emotional opposite when the cause is bad news or harsh words
文法句型
fortified by + noun (food, advice, news, prayer)
用法筆記
Used after 'be' or 'feel', or fronted as 'Fortified by X, …'. The cause is named with 'by + noun'. Formal or literary; in everyday speech 'strengthened' or 'encouraged' is more common.