goldmine
Synonym discussion
Sense: noun/1
All four terms describe a rich supply of something valuable. 'Goldmine' is the most general, used for money, information, or any useful resource. 'Treasure trove' emphasises the discovery of a hidden collection, often cultural or historical ('The attic was a treasure trove of old letters'). 'Bonanza' carries an economic or windfall sense, especially sudden profit ('The oil strike was a bonanza for the town'). 'Mother lode' is the most emphatic, suggesting an almost inexhaustible source of a specific resource, borrowed from mining jargon ('The archive was a mother lode of genealogical records'). Note that 'gold mine' (two words) is interchangeable with 'goldmine' but slightly less common in figurative use.
Etymology
First recorded around 1605, 'goldmine' (also written 'gold mine') originally meant a literal mine where gold ore is extracted. By the 1800s it had taken on a figurative meaning: any abundant source of wealth or valuable things. The metaphor compares the effort of digging for gold to the act of searching through a source and finding great reward.