hyde
Word family
- Jekyll and HydenounB2
Synonym discussion
Sense: noun/1
All three terms describe someone whose behaviour shifts between two opposing states, but they differ in origin and nuance. 'Jekyll and Hyde' comes from Robert Louis Stevenson's novella and implies a dramatic contrast between good and evil — the person seems to contain two wholly different individuals. 'Two-faced person' is a more informal, everyday term that emphasises hypocrisy: saying one thing while meaning another, usually for personal gain. 'Split personality' is an informal (and clinically inaccurate) term for drastic mood or behaviour changes; it suggests instability rather than intentional deceit. Use 'Jekyll and Hyde' when the contrast is extreme and morally charged ('The coach was a Jekyll and Hyde — gentle with his own children but cruel to players'), and 'two-faced' when the focus is on dishonesty ('She smiled at him in public but gossiped behind his back — such a two-faced person').
Etymology
The surname Hyde comes from Old English 'hīd' meaning 'a measure of land' (a hide of land — enough to support one family). In the literary sense, Mr. Hyde is the evil alter ego of Dr. Jekyll in Robert Louis Stevenson's 1886 novella Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, where 'Hyde' suggests both the surname of the story's villain and the idea of hiding or concealment.