in-service

/ˌɪn ˈsɜːvɪs/ (bre, ipa) · /ˌɪn ˈsɜːrvɪs/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈin-ˈsər-vəs/ (ame, mw)

in-service — adjective

1. relating to training, education, or other activities that take place while a per

1.形容詞B1
釋義

relating to training, education, or other activities that take place while a person is employed in their usual role, typically to develop job-related skills or knowledge.

例句

The hospital offers an in-service training program for all new nurses.

attributive use before 'training program'

Teachers must complete thirty hours of in-service workshops each school year.

common collocation: in-service + workshop

同義詞
  • on-the-job

    more informal and narrowly refers to learning while actually doing the job, whereas 'in-service' often includes formal courses

  • workplace

    broader — describes any activity at the workplace, not necessarily formal training

  • internal

    focuses on the provider (the organisation itself) rather than the timing of the activity

反義詞
  • off-the-job

    describes training that takes place away from the workplace or outside working hours

  • external

    describes training provided by an outside organisation, not by the employer

文法句型

in-service + noun (training / course / workshop / program / seminar)

用法筆記

Typically placed before a noun (attributive position). The most common noun partners are 'training', 'course', 'workshop', 'program', and 'seminar'. Not used after linking verbs (e.g., ❌ 'This course is in-service.').

常見錯誤

❌I need to do an in-service.
✅I need to do an in-service course.
💡'in-service' alone cannot stand as a noun; it must modify a noun.
❌This training is in-service.
✅This is an in-service training session.
💡'in-service' is only used before a noun, not after a linking verb.