individualisation
individualisation — noun
1. the process of making someone or something different from others in a group, so
the process of making someone or something different from others in a group, so that they have their own special qualities or features that match their own needs or tastes
The teacher praised the individualisation of each student's project, noting that no two were alike.
individualisation of [something] — process of making distinct
Mass production often leaves little room for the individualisation of products to suit personal taste.
Mei-Lin appreciated the individualisation of her training plan, which was built around her own strengths and goals.
The company's new software allows for the individualisation of website layouts based on visitor data.
- customisation
more common in commercial contexts; focuses on adapting to user preferences
- personalisation
often used for digital services and marketing; implies tailoring to an individual
- differentiation
broader; can describe any process of creating difference, not necessarily to suit someone's needs
- standardisation
making everything the same rather than unique
常見錯誤
2. a system in which the punishment or treatment of someone who has broken the law
a system in which the punishment or treatment of someone who has broken the law is designed to match that person's own life history, personal situation, and need for rehabilitation rather than following a fixed rule for everyone
The judge recommended individualisation of the sentence, taking the young offender's difficult childhood into account.
recommended + individualisation of [something] — justice context
Rehabilitation programmes based on individualisation have shown better results than standard punishments in reducing reoffending.
Fatima's research examined how individualisation of treatment affects the long-term outcomes for different types of offenders.
Critics of individualisation argue that it can create unfair differences in how similar cases are handled by the courts.
The prison introduced individualisation of treatment plans, assigning each inmate a personal counsellor to guide their progress.
- individualised justice
the same concept expressed as a noun phrase
- individualised sentencing
narrower; refers specifically to the punishment decision
- tailored treatment
less technical; used in broader rehabilitation contexts
- uniform sentencing
applying the same punishment regardless of individual circumstances
用法筆記
This sense is almost exclusively used in legal and criminological contexts. It refers to a philosophy of justice rather than a specific procedure.