norma
norma — noun
1. a generally accepted standard, rule, or model that people use to shape their jud
a generally accepted standard, rule, or model that people use to shape their judgments or guide their actions, especially in academic or professional discussions.
In her research on classroom behavior, Hana compared the social normas of two different schools.
social normas — standards of group behaviour
Before the conference, Sofia checked the publication norma for submitting co-authored papers.
publication norma — formal standard guiding academic practice
Dr. Adegoke argued that the grading norma should reward original thinking, not just memorisation.
Cultural normas shape the way people greet each other across different societies.
Reuben argued that the norma for fair grading should be written clearly in the syllabus.
- norm
far more common in everyday English; 'norma' is more formal or academic
- standard
emphasises a level of quality or achievement, while 'norma' focuses on what is typical or expected
- rule
more prescriptive and explicit, whereas 'norma' can be a less formal, implicit pattern
- benchmark
a specific point of reference for comparison, narrower than 'norma'
- anomaly
something that deviates from the norma or expected pattern
文法句型
norma + of + noun
用法筆記
In modern English, 'norm' is far more common than 'norma' for this sense. Use 'norma' only in formal academic writing or when referring to the Latin term itself.
常見錯誤
2. in anatomy, a fixed direction or angle from which a body part — most often the h
in anatomy, a fixed direction or angle from which a body part — most often the human skull — is viewed, described, or measured in a standard way.
The medical student studied the skull in norma lateralis to identify the temporal bone.
norma lateralis — standard side view of the skull
From norma frontalis, the two eye sockets appear as large rounded openings.
Dr. Okonkwo asked the team to examine the base of the cranium in norma basalis.
The textbook showed a diagram of the skull in norma verticalis, viewed from above.
文法句型
norma + [Latin adjective]
用法筆記
The anatomical normas are always referred to by their Latin names: norma frontalis (front view), norma lateralis (side view), norma verticalis (top view), and norma basalis (bottom view). These are fixed technical terms.
常見錯誤
3. a line, shape, or curve that marks the outer surface or boundary form of the sku
a line, shape, or curve that marks the outer surface or boundary form of the skull, often recorded for study or comparison.
The researcher traced the norma of the ancient skull to record its exact shape.
norma — traced/drawn contour of the cranium
Each norma on the diagram shows a different curve of the cranium's outer surface.
Olivia compared the normas of three skulls from different historical periods.
The drawing showed the norma of a healthy adult cranium as a smooth, rounded line.
文法句型
norma + of + noun
用法筆記
This sense is closely related to sense 2 but focuses on the traced outline itself rather than the viewing direction. Distinguish it from 'norma' as a viewing angle by checking whether the text describes a drawn line or a perspective.
常見錯誤
4. a small, faint constellation in the southern sky, located between the constellat
a small, faint constellation in the southern sky, located between the constellations Ara and Lupus, whose shape represents a drafting square used by carpenters and architects.
From the observatory in Chile, Reuben could see Norma low on the southern horizon.
the constellation Norma — proper noun for the star group
Norma is a small constellation that lies between Ara and Lupus in the night sky.
The brightest star in Norma is Gamma Normae, which shines with a pale yellow light.
The astronomy guidebook described Norma as a southern constellation visible mainly from the tropics.
Layla pointed her telescope toward Norma to find the open cluster NGC 6067.
- Norma constellation
fuller form; both 'Norma' and 'the constellation Norma' are correct
文法句型
the constellation Norma
Norma is + preposition
用法筆記
Norma is one of 88 modern constellations named by the French astronomer Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille in the 18th century. It is never visible from latitudes north of about 30°N.