perestroika

IPA/ˌperəˈstrɔɪkə/
KK[pˌɛrəstrˈɔɪkə]IPA/ˌperəˈstrɔɪkə/

perestroika — noun

1. the wide-ranging programme of political and economic change launched by Soviet l

1.名詞B2
釋義

the wide-ranging programme of political and economic change launched by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev across the USSR in the 1980s, with the goal of making the government and economy more open and efficient

例句

Charlotte wrote about how perestroika changed everyday life in Moscow and Leningrad.

always capitalised — refers to a specific historical reform period

Under perestroika, small businesses were allowed to open for the first time across the USSR.

preposition collocation: 'under perestroika'

同義詞
  • reform

    general term; perestroika is the specific historical programme

  • restructuring

    literal translation of the Russian word; perestroika is the proper name for it in English

反義詞
  • stagnation

    the Brezhnev era that preceded perestroika was often described as a period of stagnation

文法句型

always capitalised

used without article

用法筆記

Always capitalised. Refers exclusively to the Soviet reforms of the 1980s; not used for general restructuring or reform outside that historical context.

常見錯誤

❌The company's perestroika led to higher profits.
✅The company's restructuring led to higher profits.
💡'perestroika' refers only to the Soviet political reforms of the 1980s, not to any general reorganisation.
❌Perestroika and glasnost are the same policy.
✅Perestroika focused on economic and governmental restructuring, while glasnost referred to greater openness and freedom of information.
💡the two policies were related but distinct.