perse
perse — adjective
- persepositive
- persercomparative
- persestsuperlative
1. describing a deep blue color with a gray tint, similar in shade to indigo or the
describing a deep blue color with a gray tint, similar in shade to indigo or the dark blue of a stormy evening sky.
The artist mixed a perse pigment from crushed minerals to paint the distant mountains.
perse pigment — attributive use for color
A perse cloak hung from the wooden peg behind the old apothecary's door.
The medieval manuscript used perse ink for the illuminated capital letters.
Lauren admired the perse silk that the tailor had laid out on the worktable.
- indigo
more common and specific to a purple-blue shade; 'perse' is greyer and more literary.
文法句型
perse + noun (describing color)
用法筆記
This color sense is now largely archaic; modern readers encounter it mainly in historical or literary descriptions of fabrics, inks, or pigments.
2. describing a situation in which a legal rule, statute, or constitutional provisi
describing a situation in which a legal rule, statute, or constitutional provision treats something as true or valid by its own force, without needing a separate ruling or additional evidence.
The court held that the contract was perse void because it violated the antitrust statute.
perse void — legal predicate
Under the new regulation, late filing is a perse violation regardless of the filer's intention.
perse violation — attributive use in legal context
Judge Amani ruled the company's conduct perse unlawful under the state consumer act.
The panel found the agency's delay a perse abuse of discretion under the APA.
A perse conflict arises when an official votes on a matter affecting personal finances.
- automatically
less formal and without the legal connotation; 'automatically void' does not carry the same doctrinal weight as 'perse void.'
- by definition
similar in meaning but not limited to legal contexts or statutes.
- contingent
depending on circumstances or additional findings, the opposite of automatic legal effect.
文法句型
perse + noun / be + perse
用法筆記
Frequently paired with legal terms such as 'void,' 'violation,' 'unlawful,' 'abuse of discretion,' and 'conflict of interest.' Often contrasted with situations requiring a case-by-case factual inquiry (rule-of-reason analysis).
常見錯誤
3. describing a harmful act for which the law automatically presumes injury, so the
describing a harmful act for which the law automatically presumes injury, so the person who was harmed does not have to prove a specific financial loss or provide outside evidence of harm.
Defamation is a perse tort in some states — the plaintiff need not prove financial loss.
perse tort — noun phrase in defamation law
Trespass to land is a perse injury because the law protects the owner's right to exclude others.
The jury was told that the slander was perse, so only the statement itself had to be proved.
Attorney Sahil argued the intrusion was a perse invasion of privacy under state law.
The unlawful eviction was a perse wrong; the tenant received damages without proving lost wages.
- actionable without proof of damages
descriptive phrase rather than a synonym; no single-word alternative exists.
- requiring special damages
the opposite legal standard: some torts require the plaintiff to itemize and prove specific financial losses.
文法句型
perse + noun / be + perse
用法筆記
Commonly used with tort categories such as 'defamation perse,' 'slander perse,' 'trespass perse,' and 'invasion of privacy perse.' In these cases, the plaintiff needs only to prove that the act occurred, not its financial consequences.
常見錯誤
4. describing something that is automatically considered a certain way by its very
describing something that is automatically considered a certain way by its very nature or by settled legal doctrine, without needing to be compared to outside facts or circumstances.
Price-fixing is a perse antitrust violation because the agreement itself is harmful.
perse violation — classic antitrust usage
The court classified the restraint as perse unreasonable, rejecting a market analysis.
A perse ban on political speech by government workers needs constitutional review.
An old case held group boycotts perse illegal, but modern courts have moved away.
Judge Renata noted the merger is not perse anticompetitive and needs a full market review.
- by itself
a less formal equivalent; 'by itself illegal' captures the same idea without legal jargon.
- intrinsically
similar concept but broader; 'intrinsically harmful' does not imply a specific legal test.
- facially
close legal synonym; 'facially invalid' means the problem is clear from the text alone.
- rule of reason
a legal standard that requires a full factual inquiry rather than a categorical rule.
- context-dependent
requiring analysis of surrounding circumstances instead of a summary judgment based on inherent characteristics.
文法句型
perse + noun / be + perse
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 2 (BY OPERATION OF LAW): sense 4 emphasizes the inherent character or nature of the thing itself (e.g., price-fixing is perse harmful), whereas sense 2 emphasizes the legal rule that produces the effect (e.g., late filing is perse void because the statute says so).