summer
summer — noun
- summersingular
- summersplural
1. Once each year, the weeks of highest temperatures and longest days, when schools
Once each year, the weeks of highest temperatures and longest days, when schools close and many people go on holiday, wear lighter clothes, and spend more time outside.
The children spent every afternoon at the beach during the summer.
collocation: during the summer
On the warm wooden dock, Ezra watched the sun set after nine every summer evening.
pattern: every + noun phrase
Tamar and her family rented a cottage near the lake for the summer.
The summer of 2023 was one of the hottest on record in parts of Europe.
The students looked forward to the summer break after their final exams.
- summertime
less common than summer, slightly more poetic or old-fashioned
- high summer
refers specifically to the hottest part of the season, usually July and August
- winter
the coldest season of the year
文法句型
summer as a subject or object
in / during the summer
用法筆記
Often used with 'in' or 'during' when referring to the time of year: 'in the summer' or 'during the summer'. American speakers frequently drop the article: 'in summer'.
常見錯誤
summer — adjective
- summerpositive
- summerercomparative
- summerestsuperlative
1. Belonging to, happening during, or designed for use in the season of summer.
Belonging to, happening during, or designed for use in the season of summer.
Wei bought a light summer dress for the trip to Thailand.
summer + clothing noun
The café opened its summer menu with fresh salads and cold drinks.
Indra loved wearing her wide-brimmed summer hat on sunny days.
The summer heat was unbearable for Folake's grandmother until they installed a window air-conditioner.
- summery
used after a linking verb ('The weather is summery'); suggests a pleasant, warm character
- summer-like
informal; compares to typical summer conditions but is less precise
- winter
belonging to or designed for the cold season
文法句型
summer + noun
用法筆記
This adjective always appears before the noun it modifies (attributive position). You cannot say 'This dress is summer' — use 'summery' instead for predicative use.
常見錯誤
2. Sown in spring and harvested the same year before winter, as opposed to autumn-s
Sown in spring and harvested the same year before winter, as opposed to autumn-sown winter varieties.
The farmer decided to plant summer wheat this year instead of the winter variety.
summer + crop: wheat
On Sahil's farm, summer barley grows faster than winter barley and is ready by late August.
Many European farms grow summer rapeseed as part of their crop rotation plan.
On Linh's farm, summer crops need plenty of rain in early spring, unlike winter varieties that rely on melting snow.
- spring-sown
more transparent; makes the planting season explicit
- winter
sown in autumn and harvested the following year (e.g., winter wheat)
文法句型
summer + crop name
用法筆記
This sense is restricted to agricultural contexts and is most commonly used with specific crop names such as 'wheat', 'barley', 'oats', and 'rape'. Contrasts directly with 'winter' (autumn-sown) varieties of the same crop.
summer — verb
- summerpresent simple I / you / we / they
- summers3rd person singular
- summering-ing form
- summeredpast simple
1. To stay somewhere specific throughout the warmest months, especially for relaxat
To stay somewhere specific throughout the warmest months, especially for relaxation or to escape the hot weather of one's regular home.
Rodrigo would summer with his cousins in a small village in the Pyrenees.
would + summer + with + place
Chidi summered with his grandparents in Nigeria when he was a teenager.
Many wealthy families used to summer in the countryside to escape the heat.
After Indra retires, she plans to summer on the coast of Maine every year.
- stay for the summer
more common in everyday speech
- vacation
American English; more general term for taking a holiday
文法句型
summer + in/at/on + place
summer + with + person
用法筆記
Typically used in more formal or literary writing rather than everyday conversation. The past tense is 'summered'. Frequently appears in descriptions of historical or wealthy lifestyles.