v.
/viː/ (bre, ipa) · [vˈi] /viː/ (ame, ipa) · [vˈi] /ˈvē How to pronounce v (audio)/ (ame, mw)
v. — preposition
1. written between the names of two opposing sides in a legal case to show who is b
written between the names of two opposing sides in a legal case to show who is bringing the case against whom.
The judge called Smith v. Chen first on the crowded court list.
legal case name written with v. between two parties
A notice outside Room 4 said Patel v. City Council begins at ten.
Mira searched online for Brown v. Clark before the class discussion.
The reporter summarized Lee v. Harbor Bank during the evening news.
文法句型
[party] v. [party]
用法筆記
In American legal writing, 'v.' is the usual shortened form between the parties' names. British case names more often use 'v' without a period.
常見錯誤
2. written between the names of teams or players in order to mark a game or contest
written between the names of teams or players in order to mark a game or contest between them.
Tonight's poster says Lions v. Tigers under the stadium lights.
fixture format for a sports matchup
Karim bought tickets for Osaka v. Seoul in the badminton final.
The website listed Bao v. Vikram for the first chess round.
A chalkboard near the gym announced East Hall v. West Hall tomorrow.
文法句型
[team] v. [team]
[player] v. [player]
用法筆記
This written style is common on scoreboards, posters, and fixtures. In speech, people usually say the full word 'versus'.
常見錯誤
3. placed between two choices, products, or ideas when a heading or chart sets them
placed between two choices, products, or ideas when a heading or chart sets them against each other for comparison.
Our debate board read paper books v. e-books in thick blue marker.
comparison heading joining two options
Christopher opened a file called train travel v. budget airlines.
The teacher assigned city life v. farm life for Friday's essay.
A review compared tea v. coffee for students during exam week.
文法句型
[idea] v. [idea]
[product] v. [product]
用法筆記
Most natural in titles, charts, menus, and comparison columns. In normal running prose, writers often prefer 'versus' or 'compared with'.
常見錯誤
v. — abbreviation
1. the short written form of 'versus', used when a heading, label, or formal naming
the short written form of 'versus', used when a heading, label, or formal naming style prefers an abbreviation.
The archive box was labeled Rivera v. Gomez, appeal papers.
treating v. as the written abbreviation itself
A program cover announced Parents v. Teachers before dinner began.
On the whiteboard, Daniel wrote fact v. opinion for today's lesson.
The court clerk filed Ortega v. Singh under civil appeals.
- versus
the full form, usually said aloud instead of the abbreviation
文法句型
v. between two names
v. in headings
用法筆記
This sense talks about the form itself as an abbreviation. The preposition senses explain the different jobs it does once it sits between two sides in real text.
2. a short written form of 'very', used in notes, word lists, or older comments to
a short written form of 'very', used in notes, word lists, or older comments to save space.
Bao circled the answer and added v. important in the margin.
v. before an adjective in a written note
An editor marked one paragraph v. good but too long.
Hoa wrote v. cold beside Saturday on the camping list.
The card described the soup as v. spicy for young children.
- very
the full word used in normal speech and writing
文法句型
v. + adjective
用法筆記
Seen mainly in private notes, study labels, and some older printed material. In ordinary sentences, writers use the full word 'very'.
常見錯誤
3. a short reference form of 'vide', telling the reader to look at another page or
a short reference form of 'vide', telling the reader to look at another page or entry for more information.
The catalog card said v. appendix A for the full recipe.
reference note pointing the reader elsewhere
Under the old map title, a note read v. plate twelve.
The footnote ended with v. chapter nine in the printed handbook.
Mira found v. entry 43 beside the plant name.
- see
the plain modern reference word used in most current writing
文法句型
v. + page
v. + entry
用法筆記
This is a formal or old-fashioned reference mark, especially in catalogs, scholarly notes, and indexes. Modern everyday writing usually replaces it with the full word 'see'.
常見錯誤
v. — noun
1. the written symbol 'v.' used in grammar lists and dictionaries to stand for the
the written symbol 'v.' used in grammar lists and dictionaries to stand for the word 'verb'.
In the grammar chart, v. marked verbs that need an object.
label in a grammar chart
The appendix uses v. before examples of active and passive forms.
Our teacher wrote v. next to sing, jump, and laugh.
Sivan checked the glossary where v. means verb.
- verb
the full word that the label stands for
文法句型
v. = verb
v. before a listed word
用法筆記
Mostly seen in grammar books, word lists, and dictionary tables. In ordinary sentences, writers usually say or write the full word 'verb'.