wilfully
/ˈwɪlfəli/ (bre, ipa) · [wˈɪlfəli] /ˈwɪlfəli/ (ame, ipa)
wilfully — adverb
1. after choosing to do something on purpose, especially when the person knows it b
after choosing to do something on purpose, especially when the person knows it breaks a rule or causes harm
Gita wilfully ignored the nurse's warning and kept running on her injured ankle.
pattern: wilfully + ignored a warning
The company wilfully dumped paint into the stream after inspectors left the area.
formal accusation in reports or legal writing
Nora wilfully deleted the class photos before anyone could save them.
Christopher wilfully broke the lab rule and mixed the two powders.
Even after the bell rang, Yara wilfully blocked the doorway with a chair.
- deliberately
broader and more neutral; 'wilfully' adds blame or defiance
- intentionally
focuses on conscious choice, but often sounds less critical
- knowingly
stresses awareness of facts or risk more than stubborn wrongdoing
- accidentally
describes something that happens without intention
- unintentionally
shows there was no plan to do the act
文法句型
wilfully + verb
用法筆記
Common in formal and legal writing about ignored warnings, broken rules, or hidden facts. British English usually spells this form 'wilfully'; American English more often uses 'willfully'.