crust

/krʌst/ (bre, ipa) · /krʌst/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈkrəst/ (ame, mw)

crust — 名詞

  • crustsingular
  • crustsplural

1. the browned, firmer part around bread, especially at the edge or end

1.名詞B1
釋義

麵包皮

麵包外層較硬的部分

the browned, firmer part around bread, especially at the edge or end

例句

Folake always saves the soft middle and eats the crust last.

Folake 總是把柔軟的中間留到最後，先吃掉麵包皮。

common contrast: soft middle vs crust

The soup tasted better once the toasted crust soaked up the butter.

那碗湯在烤過的麵包皮吸滿奶油後，喝起來更香。

同義詞
  • edge

    Only refers to the outer part; it does not always suggest the firmer baked surface.

  • end piece

    Used when talking about the slice from the end of a loaf, not every crust.

反義詞
  • crumb

    The soft inside part of bread.

文法句型

the crust of + bread

cut the crust off + bread

用法筆記

Usually refers to the firmer outside part of bread. It can also mean the end piece of a loaf when that part is mostly crust.

常見錯誤

❌I cut the bread skin off for my son.
✅I cut the crust off the bread for my son.
💡Use 'crust' for the outside part of bread, not 'skin'.

2. the baked dough edge and base that hold a pizza's toppings

2.名詞B1
釋義

披薩餅皮

披薩底部與外圈的麵皮

the baked dough edge and base that hold a pizza's toppings

例句

Christopher likes a thin crust, but his brother orders deep-dish.

Christopher 喜歡薄的披薩餅皮，但他哥哥總是點深盤的。

collocation: thin crust

The waiter warned us the hot crust could burn our fingers.

服務生提醒我們，剛出爐的披薩餅皮很燙，會燙到手指。

同義詞
  • base

    Focuses more on the bottom support than on the raised edge.

文法句型

thin crust

stuffed crust

crispy crust

用法筆記

In pizza contexts, 'crust' can mean the whole baked dough part, not just the raised rim. People often describe it as thin, thick, stuffed, or crispy.

3. the pastry shell placed under or over a pie filling

3.名詞B2
釋義

派皮

派上方或底部的酥皮層

the pastry shell placed under or over a pie filling

例句

Selim brushed the crust with egg before baking the apple pie.

Selim 在烤蘋果派前先在派皮上刷了蛋液。

collocation: brush the crust with egg

The filling leaked because the bottom crust cracked near the pan.

因為底部的派皮在烤盤邊裂開了，內餡才流了出來。

collocation: bottom crust

同義詞
  • pastry shell

    A more descriptive cooking term for the same pie structure.

文法句型

top crust

bottom crust

flake the crust

用法筆記

This sense is specific to pies and similar baked dishes. Unlike Sense 2, it refers to pastry rather than pizza dough.

4. the crisp browned surface that cooking creates on food

4.名詞B2
釋義

脆皮

食物烤煎後形成的酥脆表層

the crisp browned surface that cooking creates on food

例句

Bao loved the crust on the roast chicken more than the meat.

Bao 喜歡烤雞上的脆皮，甚至比雞肉本身還喜歡。

pattern: the crust on + cooked food

A dark crust formed on the fish where the sauce caramelized.

醬汁焦糖化的地方讓那條魚表面形成了一層深色脆皮。

pattern: form a crust

同義詞
  • browned top

    Describes the appearance, but not always the same crisp texture.

文法句型

a crust on + cooked food

form a crust

用法筆記

This sense emphasizes the pleasantly firm surface made by heat. It is about texture after cooking, not about bread or pastry structure.

5. a firm covering around something softer or around liquid beneath it

5.名詞B2
釋義

硬殼

覆在柔軟或液體外面的硬層

a firm covering around something softer or around liquid beneath it

例句

A snow crust made the field hard enough to walk across.

雪地表面的硬殼讓那片田地硬到可以直接走過去。

collocation: snow crust

Years of dust left a grey crust on the window frame.

多年累積的灰塵在窗框上留下了一層灰色硬殼。

同義詞
  • shell

    Usually suggests a more complete outer case, often natural or manufactured.

  • coating

    Broader and may refer to any covering, not only a hard one.

  • rind

    Used mainly for fruit, cheese, or bacon rather than general surfaces.

文法句型

a crust on + surface

a crust of + substance

用法筆記

Use this sense for a hard coat over something else, often with a softer, wetter, or hotter inside. It is broader than the food-only sense in Sense 4.

6. the band of solid rock nearest the surface on the Earth, a moon, or another plan

6.名詞B2
釋義

地殼

地球或其他行星最外面的岩層

the band of solid rock nearest the surface on the Earth, a moon, or another planet

例句

Scientists drilled through ocean crust to study ancient rock samples.

科學家鑽穿海洋地殼，想研究古老的岩石樣本。

collocation: ocean crust

The moon's crust is thinner on the side facing Earth.

月球面向地球的那一側，地殼比較薄。

同義詞
  • surface layer

    More general and less technical than the geology term 'crust'.

反義詞
  • core

    The central part of a planet, far below the crust.

文法句型

the Earth's crust

the crust of + planet/moon

用法筆記

In science, this sense names the stony outer part of a world. It is most common in expressions such as 'the Earth's crust' and 'ocean crust'.

常見錯誤

❌Heat rises from the Earth's shell.
✅Heat rises from the Earth's crust.
💡In geology, 'crust' is the standard term for the planet's outer rock layer.

7. a tough layer that appears after a liquid dries, freezes, or sits for a long tim

7.名詞C1
釋義

結殼

液體乾掉、結冰或久放後的硬層

a tough layer that appears after a liquid dries, freezes, or sits for a long time

例句

By morning, a thin crust of ice covered the birdbath.

到了早上，鳥浴盆表面已被一層冰的結殼蓋住。

pattern: a crust of + ice

A white crust formed around the jar after the paint dried.

油漆乾掉後，罐口周圍形成了一圈白色結殼。

同義詞
  • deposit

    Focuses on material left behind, not always a firm layer.

  • film

    Can be much thinner and softer than a crust.

文法句型

a crust of + ice/salt

a crust on + soil/object

用法筆記

This sense focuses on a layer that develops over time from drying, freezing, or settling. Unlike Sense 7, it highlights how the layer was formed.

8. impolite boldness shown when someone acts as if limits do not matter

8.名詞C1
釋義

厚臉；無禮

厚著臉皮做失禮行為

impolite boldness shown when someone acts as if limits do not matter

例句

Joaquín had the crust to laugh after breaking my glasses.

Joaquín 打破我的眼鏡後，居然還厚著臉皮笑了出來。

pattern: have the crust to + verb

The customer showed real crust by skipping the line twice.

那位客人兩次插隊，真是非常無禮。

pattern: show crust

同義詞
  • nerve

    The closest everyday equivalent in many varieties of English.

  • cheek

    Also British and often slightly lighter in tone.

  • impudence

    More formal than the everyday noun 'crust'.

反義詞
  • modesty

    Willingness to stay within social limits rather than acting shamelessly.

文法句型

have the crust to + verb

show crust

用法筆記

This informal British sense is close to 'nerve' or 'cheek'. It is often used when someone behaves shamelessly after doing something wrong.

常見錯誤

❌She had a lot of confidence to ask for more money.
✅She had the crust to ask for more money.
💡This sense refers to shameless rudeness, not healthy self-confidence.