empirical

/ɪmˈpɪrɪkl/ (bre, ipa) · /ɪmˈpɪrɪkl/ (ame, ipa) · /im-ˈpir-i-kəl em-/ (ame, mw)

empirical — 形容詞

  • empiricalpositive
  • more empiricalcomparative
  • most empiricalsuperlative

1. involving or based on information that is gained through direct observation, mea

1.形容詞B2
釋義

實證的

以觀察、實驗為基礎而非理論

involving or based on information that is gained through direct observation, measurement, or practical testing, rather than through theoretical reasoning or guesswork alone

例句

The researchers collected empirical data from over 200 participants during the six-month study.

研究人員在為期六個月的研究中，從超過兩百名參與者那裡收集了實證數據。

collocation: empirical data

Padma's theory was supported by strong empirical evidence gathered in the laboratory.

Padma 的理論獲得了實驗室中所收集的強而有力的實證證據支持。

collocation: empirical evidence

同義詞
  • experimental

    narrower — refers specifically to controlled tests in a lab or trial; all experimental work is empirical, but not all empirical work is experimental (e.g., observational studies)

  • observational

    narrower — emphasizes watching and recording without intervention, a subset of empirical methods

  • factual

    broader — refers to things known to be true regardless of how they were established; empirical evidence is factual, but not all facts come from empirical methods

  • practical

    broader and less precise — focuses on real-world effectiveness rather than theoretical ideas, but may not involve systematic observation or testing

反義詞
  • theoretical

    based on abstract ideas or models rather than on direct observation or experiment

  • hypothetical

    based on a suggested possibility rather than on actual experience or data

文法句型

empirical + noun (evidence / data / research / study / observation / method / approach)

be + empirical

常見錯誤

❌We need empirical proof that the treatment works.
✅We need empirical evidence that the treatment works.
💡'proof' is an absolute term rarely produced by a single study; empirical methods provide evidence, not absolute proof.