federation
/ˌfedəˈreɪʃn/ (bre, ipa) · /ˌfedəˈreɪʃn/ (ame, ipa) · /ˌfe-də-ˈrā-shən/ (ame, mw)
federation — 名詞
- federationsingular
- federationsplural
1. a political system or organization in which several states, groups, or regions h
聯邦
各州或地區組成的政治實體，成員保有自治權
a political system or organization in which several states, groups, or regions handle their own local matters while joining together under a central authority for shared decisions, defense, or policy
The European Union is a federation where member countries keep their own laws but follow common trade rules.
歐盟是一個聯邦，成員國保留自己的法律，但遵守共同的貿易規則。
count noun: a named federation with member states
Each state in the federation can set its own education policy while the central government manages foreign relations.
這個聯邦裡的每個州可以自行制定教育政策，而由中央政府處理外交事務。
contrast between state-level and central authority
After years of negotiation, the three regions agreed to form a federation with a shared parliament and a single currency.
經過多年談判，這三個地區同意組成一個擁有共同議會和單一貨幣的聯邦。
Felipe's research compared how different federations handle disagreements between national and regional governments.
Felipe 的研究比較了不同的聯邦如何處理中央與地方政府之間的意見分歧。
The country became a federation in 1901, uniting six separate colonies under a single constitution.
該國於 1901 年成為聯邦，將六個獨立的殖民地在同一部憲法下聯合起來。
- union
broader term; a union can describe any joined-together group, while a federation specifically implies a structured division of power between local and central authorities
- commonwealth
often used for a political community founded for the common good; 'commonwealth' can be a type of federation but sometimes implies a looser association of self-governing states
- federal state
more technical term for a country organized as a federation, commonly used in political science
- unitary state
a country where the central government holds all power and local bodies only have authority given to them by the center, unlike a federation where power is constitutionally shared
- independent state
a sovereign state not joined to others under a shared central government
用法筆記
Distinguish from 'confederation': a federation has a stronger central government that can make laws binding on all member states, whereas a confederation is a looser union where the central body has limited power and members can usually withdraw more easily.
常見錯誤
2. the process by which separate states, regions, or groups come together to create
聯邦化
各成員結合成聯邦的過程
the process by which separate states, regions, or groups come together to create a federal system, keeping some of their internal independence while accepting a shared central authority
The federation of the two former republics took place after a peaceful vote in both countries.
這兩個前共和國的聯邦化是在兩國皆和平投票後實現的。
federation of [two entities] — the process sense
Historians call this period the federation of the colonies, when local governments gave up some of their powers.
歷史學家稱這段時期為殖民地的聯邦化，當時地方政府交出部分權力。
passive: referred to as the federation of...
Xiu wrote a paper on the federation of tribal groups into a single nation in the late nineteenth century.
Xiu 寫了一篇論文，探討十九世紀晚期部落群體結合成單一國家的聯邦化過程。
The federation of the regions was completed in 1956, creating a new central parliament for the first time.
這些地區的聯邦化於 1956 年完成，首次建立了一個新的中央議會。
- unification
broader term for making separate parts into one whole; does not specifically imply a federal structure with divided powers
- integration
focuses on the gradual merging of systems or institutions rather than the formal political act of creating a federation
- secession
the act of withdrawing from a federation or union
文法句型
federation of [states / groups]
用法筆記
This sense is uncountable or singular and usually appears with 'of' to specify which entities are joining together. Common in historical and political science writing to describe the moment or period when a federal system was created.