gamesmanship
/ˈɡeɪmzmənʃɪp/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈɡeɪmzmənʃɪp/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈgāmz-mən-ˌship/ (ame, mw)
gamesmanship — 名詞
1. behaviour in a game or competition that is meant to upset or distract an opponen
心理干擾
比賽中用心理手段干擾對手但不違規
behaviour in a game or competition that is meant to upset or distract an opponent so you gain an advantage — for example, staring at them, talking during their turn, or arriving late — without actually breaking any rules
Adaeze used gamesmanship by coughing loudly whenever her opponent lined up a shot.
Adaeze 每當對手準備擊球時就大聲咳嗽，以此作為心理干擾。
collocation: use gamesmanship
It was pure gamesmanship when Dimitri arrived ten minutes late and refused to warm up.
Dimitri 遲到十分鐘還拒絕熱身，這完全是心理干擾。
Ingrid accused her rival of gamesmanship for talking loudly during her free throws.
Ingrid 指責對手在她罰球時大聲說話是心理干擾。
Before the final dart throw, Oluwaseun stared at the board for two minutes — classic gamesmanship.
在最後一鏢之前，Oluwaseun 盯著鏢靶看了兩分鐘——典型的心理干擾。
Coach Rashid said nothing while his striker retied both shoelaces twice before the corner kick.
Rashid 教練默不作聲，看著前鋒在角球前把鞋帶重綁兩次。
- mind games
more informal; used in everyday situations as well as sport
- psychological warfare
much stronger; typically used for military or serious conflict
- unsportsmanlike conduct
broader — can include actual rule-breaking as well as legal but unfair behaviour
- sportsmanship
fair, respectful, and generous behaviour towards opponents
用法筆記
Distinguish from 'cheating': gamesmanship does not break any written rules, even though it may feel unfair. It works by affecting the opponent's mental state rather than by illegal actions.