grading
grading — 名詞
1. the process of checking a student's work — such as tests, essays, or homework —
評分
批改學生作業並給分數的過程
the process of checking a student's work — such as tests, essays, or homework — and giving it a score or mark that reflects how well it was done
The teacher spent the whole weekend on grading, so her students got their essay scores back on Monday.
老師整個週末都在批改評分，所以學生們週一就拿到了作文成績。
uncountable noun: spent the weekend on grading
Fair grading is important because a low score can discourage a student from trying harder.
公正的評分很重要，因為低分可能會打擊學生的學習意願。
Some schools have moved away from letter-based grading and now use written comments instead.
有些學校已不再使用字母等級評分，改用書面評語。
A computer program now handles the grading of multiple-choice tests at the university.
大學現在用電腦程式處理選擇題的評分工作。
用法筆記
Uncountable noun — you cannot say 'a grading' or 'gradings'. Refers to the activity as a whole, not an individual instance.
常見錯誤
grading — 動詞
1. to read through a student's answers or written task and decide on a mark or scor
打成績
給學生的作業或考卷打分數
to read through a student's answers or written task and decide on a mark or score that reflects how well they have done
Professor Okafor spent three hours grading fifty exam papers before the end of term.
Okafor 教授花了三小時批閱五十份期末考卷，一一打成績。
grade + noun (exam papers)
Amir's history essay was graded A-minus because it had strong arguments but a few spelling mistakes.
Amir 的歷史作文被打 A-，因為內容論點有力，但有幾個拼字錯誤。
passive: was graded + score
The teaching assistant graded the maths homework over the weekend so the students could see their mistakes on Monday.
助教週末就把數學作業改完了，讓學生週一就能看到錯誤。
Diego is new to teaching and finds grading creative writing much harder than grading grammar exercises.
Diego 剛開始教書，覺得批改創作作文比批改文法練習難多了。
文法句型
grade + noun
用法筆記
This is the most common sense of 'grade' for language learners. It always refers to school or academic work. When the focus is on correcting mistakes rather than assigning a score, 'mark' (British) or 'correct' is also used.
常見錯誤
2. to separate items, products, or people into groups based on their quality, size,
分級；分類
依照品質、大小等標準分類
to separate items, products, or people into groups based on their quality, size, importance, or another shared feature
The farm grades its eggs by size, putting large ones in blue cartons and small ones in white cartons.
這家農場依大小雞蛋分級，大蛋裝藍色盒，小蛋裝白色盒。
grade + noun + by + noun phrase
Diamonds are graded according to four criteria: cut, colour, clarity, and carat weight.
鑽石依四個標準分級：車工、色澤、淨度和克拉重量。
passive + according to
The factory has a machine that grades fruit by colour, sending green apples to one bin and red ones to another.
工廠有一台機器依顏色幫水果分級，青色蘋果送到一個籃子裡，紅色蘋果送到另一個籃子。
Olga graded the job applications into three piles: excellent, possible, and unsuitable.
Olga 將求職申請書分成三類：優秀、尚可和不適合。
Hospitals grade emergency cases by severity so that the most critical patients receive care first.
醫院依嚴重程度將急診病患分級，以便最危急的病人優先得到治療。
- mix
to combine items without regard for type or quality
文法句型
grade + noun + by/according to + noun
用法筆記
Often used in passive voice ('are graded by…', 'is graded according to…'). The preposition that follows is typically 'by', 'according to', or 'into'.
常見錯誤
3. to make a piece of ground flat or smooth, removing bumps and filling holes so th
整平
將地面剷平或鋪平
to make a piece of ground flat or smooth, removing bumps and filling holes so the surface has a steady slope or is completely level
Workers graded the parking lot before paving it, so rainwater would flow toward the drains.
工人鋪設停車場前先整平地面，讓雨水能流向排水孔。
grade + noun (parking lot) for drainage
The construction crew graded the land behind the school so a new sports field could be built there.
建築工人在學校後面平整土地，以便在那裡蓋新運動場。
Before laying a patio, you need to grade the soil so that water runs away from the house.
鋪設庭院前，你需要先整平土壤，讓水能流離房屋。
The hillside was carefully graded to create flat terraces for planting rice.
山坡被仔細整平，開闢出平坦的梯田來種植水稻。
- dig up
to break up a flat surface and create holes or unevenness
文法句型
grade + noun
用法筆記
Common in construction, landscaping, and civil engineering contexts. The object is always land, soil, a road, or a similar ground surface — never a physical object like wood or metal.
常見錯誤
4. to mix or combine two or more things so that the separate parts are no longer no
混合；調和
將不同成分逐漸融合
to mix or combine two or more things so that the separate parts are no longer noticeable — for example, blending colours or flavours in a gradual way
The lighting technician graded the cool white light into warm amber across the stage, creating a smooth transition between the two colours.
燈光技師將舞台上的冷白光逐漸調入暖琥珀色，創造出兩種顏色之間的平滑過渡。
grade + noun + into + noun (lighting/colour blending)
An experienced painter can grade one colour into another on the canvas, creating a smooth change from blue to green.
有經驗的畫家能在畫布上將一種顏色漸層融入另一種顏色，創造從藍到綠的平滑變化。
grade + noun + into + noun (colour blending)
The designer graded the background tones from dark grey at the bottom to pale white at the top.
設計師將背景色調從底部的深灰色漸變到頂部的淡白色。
- separate
to keep things apart rather than combine them
文法句型
grade + noun + into + noun
用法筆記
This sense is much less common than the sorting or marking meanings. It appears mainly in art, design, cooking, and colour-theory contexts.
常見錯誤
5. to be judged as having a particular level of quality, usually in a system where
屬…等級
被判定為某種品質等級
to be judged as having a particular level of quality, usually in a system where things are ranked from best to worst
The beef grades as prime, which means it is the highest quality available in the market.
這塊牛肉屬於頂級等級，代表是市場上可買到的最高品質。
grade as + noun (quality level)
Only a small percentage of maple syrup grades as Grade A, making it sweeter and more expensive.
只有少部分楓糖漿能被評為 A 級，因此更甜也更貴。
This cut of meat grades higher than the cheaper option because it has more marbling and tenderness.
這塊肉的等級比較便宜的選項更高，因為它的油花分布更均勻、肉質更嫩。
文法句型
grade as + noun/adjective
grade + adverb
用法筆記
Intransitive and linking — no direct object. The preposition 'as' introduces the quality level. This sense is most common in American English descriptions of agricultural products like meat, eggs, or maple syrup.