incumbents
incumbents — 形容詞
- incumbentspositive
- more incumbentscomparative
- most incumbentssuperlative
1. currently holding a particular official position, such as a political office or
現任的
目前擔任某職位的
currently holding a particular official position, such as a political office or the top role in an organization.
The incumbent mayor faced three challengers in the local election.
現任市長在地方選舉中面臨三名挑戰者。
incumbent + noun (mayor) for a political role
Incumbent senators often enjoy an advantage when they run for re-election.
現任參議員在競選連任時通常享有優勢。
As the incumbent CEO, Esteban had access to all company records before the vote.
身為現任執行長，Esteban 在投票前可以查閱所有公司記錄。
The incumbent government introduced several new policies during its first year.
現任政府在上任第一年推出了幾項新政策。
- challenger
a person who competes against the incumbent for the position
- incoming
describes the person about to replace the incumbent
文法句型
incumbent + noun (the incumbent president/mayor/CEO)
用法筆記
This sense is used only before a noun — you cannot say 'the mayor is incumbent' by itself. The noun that follows must name a position or office.
常見錯誤
2. expected of a person as a moral or legal requirement that follows from their pos
有義務的
因責任而必須做的
expected of a person as a moral or legal requirement that follows from their position or role.
It is incumbent upon the judge to guarantee a fair trial for everyone.
法官有義務確保每個人都獲得公平審判。
it + be + incumbent + upon + noun + to-infinitive
Hannah felt it was incumbent on her to report the billing error she had discovered.
Hannah 覺得自己有義務報告她發現的帳務錯誤。
The new law makes it incumbent on factory owners to install safety equipment.
這項新法規定工廠老闆有義務安裝安全設備。
Amelia believes it is incumbent on all doctors to keep their medical knowledge current.
Amelia 認為所有醫生都有義務更新自己的醫學知識。
- obligatory
more formal and legal; 'incumbent' carries a moral weight
- binding
suggests a legal or contractual duty rather than a moral one
- necessary
broader and less formal; does not carry the sense of duty
- optional
something you may choose to do or not do
文法句型
it + be + incumbent + upon/on + noun/pronoun + to-infinitive
用法筆記
This sense almost always appears in the fixed pattern 'it is incumbent upon/on [someone] to [do something]'. The word 'it' is a dummy subject pointing to the 'to'-infinitive clause that follows.
常見錯誤
incumbents — 名詞
- incumbentssingular
- incumbentsesplural
1. people who currently hold official positions, especially elected or appointed ro
現任者
目前擔任公職的人
people who currently hold official positions, especially elected or appointed roles in government or business, and who are often seeking to keep those positions.
The incumbents in the race all won re-election by very comfortable margins.
競選中的現任者全數以非常寬鬆的差距贏得連任。
the + incumbents for a specific group of officeholders
In many local elections, incumbents have a significant advantage over newcomers.
在許多地方選舉中，現任者比新人擁有顯著優勢。
Challengers argued that the incumbents had grown too comfortable in their seats after decades.
挑戰者認為現任者在位數十年後已過於安於現狀。
The debate let voters compare the incumbents with the people seeking to replace them.
那場辯論讓選民有機會比較現任者與想要取代他們的人。
Three incumbents lost their seats to younger candidates running on a platform of change.
三名現任者輸掉了席位，敗給了以改革為競選綱領的年輕候選人。
- officeholders
more neutral — an officeholder may be appointed; an incumbent is usually seeking to stay in the role
- sitting members
used specifically for legislatures or committees
- current holders
descriptive but not a fixed term
- challengers
people competing to replace the incumbents
- newcomers
people new to a position or election race
文法句型
the + incumbents
incumbents + plural verb
用法筆記
In political contexts, 'the incumbents' is often contrasted with 'the challengers' or 'the opposition'. The singular 'incumbent' is also common when referring to one person.