penalise

IPA/ˈpiː.nəl.aɪz/
IPA/ˈpiː.nəl.aɪz/

penalise — 動詞

  • penalisepresent simple I / you / we / they
  • penalises3rd person singular
  • penalising-ing form
  • penalisedpast simple

1. to leave someone in a worse position, often because a rule, price, or system wor

1.動詞及物C1
釋義

使吃虧

使處於較不利位置

to leave someone in a worse position, often because a rule, price, or system works against them.

例句

High train fares penalise students who travel home every weekend.

高昂的火車票價讓每週回家的學生很吃虧。

penalise + group affected by cost

The new phone app penalises older users with tiny text buttons.

這個新的手機 app 因按鈕字太小，讓年長使用者吃虧。

常見搭配
  • penalise students
  • penalise older users
  • penalise small schools
  • feel penalised by higher costs
  • unfairly penalise
同義詞
  • disadvantage

    is the clearest neutral verb for putting someone in a weaker position

  • hurt

    is less formal and can describe any kind of negative effect

  • discriminate against

    is more specific and suggests unfair treatment of a particular group

反義詞
  • benefit

    means to help someone or give them an advantage

  • favour

    suggests giving one person or group better treatment

文法句型

penalise + someone/group

be penalised by + rule/cost/system

用法筆記

Subject is often a rule, cost, design choice, or situation rather than a person. This sense does not require anyone to have broken a rule.

常見錯誤

High fees penalise to poor families.
High fees penalise poor families.
penalise takes a direct object, not 'to'.
Small schools are penalised of low numbers.
Small schools are penalised by low numbers.
use 'by' for the cause in this passive pattern.

2. to make someone face a penalty after they break a rule, law, or game rule.

2.動詞及物C1
釋義

處罰；判罰

因違規而給予處罰

to make someone face a penalty after they break a rule, law, or game rule.

例句

The referee penalised Ken for pushing near the goal.

裁判因為 Ken 在球門附近推人而判罰他。

penalise + someone + for + -ing

Drivers who park here are penalised with a heavy fine.

把車停在這裡的駕駛會被處罰，罰金很重。

passive: be penalised with a fine

常見搭配
  • penalise a team
  • penalise a player
  • penalise drivers
  • penalise for pushing
  • penalise with a fine
同義詞
  • punish

    is the broader everyday word and is less tied to official rules

  • fine

    specifically means punishing someone by making them pay money

  • sanction

    is more formal and common in legal, business, or official contexts

反義詞
  • reward

    means giving something good for correct or successful behavior

  • excuse

    means deciding not to punish someone for a fault

文法句型

penalise + someone + for + noun/-ing

be penalised with + fine/points

penalise + team/player/driver

用法筆記

Frequently followed by for + noun or -ing to name the offence. Common in sports, schools, contracts, and official rules; distinguish from sense 1, which can describe disadvantage without a formal punishment.

常見錯誤

The referee penalised Ken because pushing near the goal.
The referee penalised Ken for pushing near the goal.
use 'for' before the reason.
Drivers are penalised by a heavy fine.
Drivers are penalised with a heavy fine.
use 'with' for the penalty that is given.

同根字

常見搭配

名詞搭配

副詞搭配

  • heavily penalise
  • unfairly penalise
  • automatically penalise

常用片語

  • penalise someone for lateness
  • be penalised by higher costs
  • be penalised with a fine

介系詞搭配