acer
Synonym discussion
Sense: noun/1
'Acer' and 'maple' usually point to the same group of trees, but they belong to different styles of English. 'Maple' is the normal everyday word, while 'acer' sounds botanical and is common in plant labels, garden books, and nursery catalogues. 'Maple tree' is useful when learners need the clearest everyday phrase for the whole tree, not its wood or syrup. 'Japanese maple' is narrower: it names one popular garden type with fine leaves and strong autumn colour, so it cannot replace 'acer' in a general sense. A gardener may write that an acer likes light shade, but a family in the park will usually just say they sat under a maple tree.
Etymology
'Acer' entered English as the scientific Latin name for the maple group. Botanists use New Latin Acer for this genus, based on the older Latin word 'acer', which already meant 'maple'. That history explains why the word sounds technical in modern English, while everyday speech usually prefers 'maple'.