given
/ˈɡɪv.ən/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈɡɪv.ən/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈgi-vən/ (ame, mw) · /ˈɡɪvn/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈɡɪvn/ (ame, ipa)
given — verb
- givenpresent simple I / you / we / they
- givens3rd person singular
- givening-ing form
- givenedpast simple
1. The form of the verb 'give' that you use with 'have', 'has', or 'had' to talk ab
The form of the verb 'give' that you use with 'have', 'has', or 'had' to talk about a past act of handing something to someone, or with 'be' to describe something that was provided.
Asher has given his old bicycle to his younger brother.
present perfect: has/have + given + [something] + to + [someone]
The award was given to Hiro by the mayor at the ceremony.
passive: be + given + to + [someone]
Before the trip, Sari had given each child a map and a snack.
Free tickets have been given to all the students in the choir.
Darius wished he had given a better answer during the interview.
文法句型
have/has/had + given + [something] + to + [someone]
be + given + [something]
be + given + to + [someone]
用法筆記
Frequently used with indirect objects: the person receiving what is given. In passive constructions, either the thing given or the receiver can be the subject ('The book was given to Linh' or 'Linh was given the book').
常見錯誤
given — preposition
1. Used to introduce a fact or situation that you think about when making a decisio
Used to introduce a fact or situation that you think about when making a decision or forming an opinion about something.
Given the heavy rain, the school decided to cancel the sports day.
given + [noun phrase]
Given that Aoi had only been studying for six months, her test score was impressive.
given + that + [clause]
The team performed well, given how little time they had to prepare.
Given the cost of living, Tyler decided to share an apartment with two friends.
Given that the roads were icy, the bus driver drove very slowly.
- considering
less formal and more common in everyday speech
- in view of
more formal; used mainly in written English
- given that
the conjunction form preceding a full clause
文法句型
given + [noun phrase]
given + that + [clause]
用法筆記
Commonly begins a sentence to state the reason or context before the main clause. 'Given that' is slightly more formal than 'since' or 'because'. This sense is NOT followed by a bare verb — use 'given the fact that' or 'given that' before a full clause.
常見錯誤
given — adjective
- givenpositive
- more givencomparative
- most givensuperlative
1. Already fixed, decided, or named, so that people know which particular thing is
Already fixed, decided, or named, so that people know which particular thing is being talked about.
Students must complete the assignment by a given date at the start of term.
given + [time noun]: a given date
Each participant was asked to follow a given set of rules for the experiment.
The doctor checked whether the patient's temperature stayed within the given range.
Under the given conditions, the rescue team could not reach the village until morning.
Players must stand at a given distance from the target when throwing the ball.
- specified
more formal; emphasises that something has been explicitly stated
- particular
emphasises individuality rather than prior arrangement
- fixed
stresses that the amount or time cannot be changed
文法句型
given + [noun]
2. Having a tendency to behave in a particular way or do a particular thing as a pe
Having a tendency to behave in a particular way or do a particular thing as a personal habit.
Professor Ramón is given to long pauses during his lectures while he thinks.
be given to + [noun phrase]: is given to long pauses
Adina is not given to complaining, even when things go wrong at work.
Older members of the family are given to telling the same stories at every dinner.
The old cat was given to sleeping in the sunniest spot on the kitchen floor.
- prone to
suggests a negative tendency; used in everyday language
- inclined to
similar formality; can be positive or neutral
- tends to
less formal, more common in speech
文法句型
be + given + to + [noun/gerund]
用法筆記
Only used after 'be' (is given to, was given to, are given to). The meaning is always about a habitual tendency, not a one-time action. This pattern is formal; in everyday speech, 'tends to' or 'often does' are more common.
常見錯誤
3. Accepted as true or real for the purpose of thinking or arguing about something,
Accepted as true or real for the purpose of thinking or arguing about something, even though it has not been proved.
In mathematics, the given values are used to calculate the missing angle.
given + [noun]: given values
It is a given assumption in physics that the speed of light is constant.
Kemi accepted the project deadline as a given condition and planned her time around it.
From the given facts, the lawyer built a strong argument for her client.
文法句型
given + [noun]
it is a given that + [clause]
用法筆記
Common in academic, logical, and mathematical writing, where a starting point or premise is named. Do not confuse with the preposition sense — here 'given' modifies a noun as an adjective meaning 'treated as true for now', not 'considering a real-world fact'.
given — noun
- givensingular
- givensplural
1. Something that is so obviously true or sure to happen that you do not question i
Something that is so obviously true or sure to happen that you do not question it.
It is a given that city rent costs more than suburban rent.
it is a given that + [clause]
For most parents, a messy house after a children's party is a given.
Christopher accepted long hours as a given when he took the job at the hospital.
Higher airfares during the holidays are treated as a given by most travellers.
In this industry, constant change is simply a given that everyone must accept.
- certainty
broader term for anything sure; does not carry the 'accepted without question' tone
- sure thing
informal; used in everyday conversation
- foregone conclusion
emphasises that the outcome is already known before it happens
- uncertainty
something that is not known or sure to happen
- question mark
informal; something that is not yet decided or known
文法句型
be + a + given
it is a given that + [clause]
用法筆記
Always uses the singular form with the article 'a' or 'the'. Often follows the pattern 'it is a given that...', where the clause states the fact that is accepted as certain.