modeling
modeling — noun
1. a person whose job is to wear and show clothes, accessories, or other goods so t
a person whose job is to wear and show clothes, accessories, or other goods so that customers can see them, or to sit or stand for a painter, photographer, or sculptor
Reema started working as a model for a Tokyo fashion agency at age nineteen.
collocation: work as a model for [agency]
The painter hired two models to pose for his new series of portraits.
countable: two models
Yumi has been modeling since she was sixteen and loves walking down the runway.
Many modeling agencies now look for models of all body types and ages.
- mannequin
rare in modern fashion contexts, usually means a shop-window dummy
- supermodel
a very famous and highly-paid fashion model
用法筆記
The person is 'a model' (countable noun). The word 'modeling' refers to the profession or activity. To describe the person, use 'model' as the noun form. 'Modeling agency' (the agency doing the activity of modeling) is correct.
常見錯誤
2. someone or something that serves as such an outstanding example of a quality or
someone or something that serves as such an outstanding example of a quality or type that others seek to emulate them
The nurse's patience and kindness made her a model for the younger staff members.
countable noun + often followed by 'for'
The city's public transport system is a model for other cities in the region.
Brandon considers his grandfather a model of honesty and hard work.
The community garden project became a model for neighborhoods hoping to grow their own food.
- example
more general, less emphatic about excellence
- ideal
a perfect imagined standard rather than a real person/thing
- role model
specifically a person whom others look up to and imitate
用法筆記
Frequently used in the phrase 'a model of [positive quality]' to describe someone or something worth imitating. The related attributive adjective 'model' (e.g. 'a model student') is listed separately below.
常見錯誤
3. a particular version or design of a product, especially a machine, vehicle, or p
a particular version or design of a product, especially a machine, vehicle, or piece of clothing, that differs in some way from earlier or later ones
This year's model of the electric sedan has a longer battery range than last year's.
collocation: this year's model of
The store sells the latest model of running shoes for under three thousand dollars.
Ezra bought an older model of the laptop because the new one was too expensive.
This model of the smartphone comes with a better camera and a faster processor.
用法筆記
The noun for a product version is 'model' (not 'modeling'). 'Model' is the standard English word here. The gerund 'modeling' refers to the activity of designing or simulating, not to the physical product itself.
4. a small physical copy of something, usually built to a smaller scale so that peo
a small physical copy of something, usually built to a smaller scale so that people can see what the real thing looks like or how it works
The architecture students built a clay model of the new library before construction began.
collocation: build a model of
Layla showed the children a plastic model of the human heart during biology class.
A detailed model train sat on a large table in the corner of the museum.
The engineer used a scale model of the bridge to test its strength against strong winds.
用法筆記
The standard noun for a physical miniature is 'model' (e.g. 'a model airplane'). Do not use 'modeling' for the object itself — 'modeling' refers to the hobby or activity of building such objects.
5. the activity or process of using computer software to create a representation of
the activity or process of using computer software to create a representation of a real-world system or situation, often in order to study how it works or predict what will happen
The team used 3D modeling to check how the new bridge design would handle heavy traffic.
collocation: 3D modeling
Climate modeling helps scientists predict how ocean temperatures may change over the next fifty years.
collocation: climate modeling
Ryan spent the semester learning financial modeling to forecast stock market trends.
The medical school uses virtual modeling to let students practice surgical procedures without risk.
- simulation
emphasises the imitation of real-world conditions more than the mathematical structure
- rendering
specifically about generating visual images from a 3D model
用法筆記
This is the core gerund sense that truly belongs under the headword 'modeling'. It is used across many technical fields including engineering, economics, climate science, and medicine. The British spelling is 'modelling' (double 'l').
常見錯誤
modeling — verb
- modelingpresent simple I / you / we / they
- modelings3rd person singular
- modelinging-ing form
- modelingedpast simple
1. to wear and show fashionable clothes, jewelry, or other items so that people see
to wear and show fashionable clothes, jewelry, or other items so that people see them and want to buy them, or to sit or stand for an artist or photographer as part of your job
Eliska has been modeling for a well-known fashion brand since she finished school.
collocation: modeling for [brand]
The art students asked their friend to model for a portrait painting session.
Amira will model the new winter collection at the fashion show next Thursday.
Ezra spent two years modeling in Milan before returning to Seoul.
用法筆記
When used without an object (intransitive), the preposition 'for' introduces the company or designer. When used transitively, the clothing or product being shown is the direct object.
常見錯誤
2. to make a physical or digital copy or representation of something, or to shape a
to make a physical or digital copy or representation of something, or to shape a material into a particular form based on a plan or pattern
The sculptor modeled a small horse out of clay before starting the marble version.
collocation: model [object] out of [material]
The architect modeled the new stadium after the ancient Roman Colosseum.
collocation: model after [existing thing]
Scientists use supercomputers to model the effects of a volcanic eruption on global weather.
Zola modeled her teaching style on the methods of her favorite professor from college.
用法筆記
The British spelling is 'modelling' (double 'l'). In computing contexts, this sense overlaps with noun sense 5 (modeling as an activity). Frequently passive: 'is modeled on', 'was modeled after'.
常見錯誤
modeling — adjective
- modelingpositive
- more modelingcomparative
- most modelingsuperlative
1. placed before a noun to describe someone or something that is so good or well-de
placed before a noun to describe someone or something that is so good or well-designed that others should copy it
The school gave Antonia a model award for her excellent attendance and helpful attitude.
attributive use: model + noun
The city's model farm shows visitors how to grow vegetables using sustainable methods.
The company is known for its model behavior in environmental practices.
The hospital was praised as a model institution for patient care in rural areas.
- poor
as in 'a poor example of its type'
用法筆記
Almost always placed before a noun (attributive). This is a formal, somewhat literary usage — the same idea is also common as the noun phrase 'a model of [quality]' (see noun sense 2).
2. placed before a noun to describe something built as a smaller copy of a larger o
placed before a noun to describe something built as a smaller copy of a larger object, typically for display, testing, or educational purposes
The museum displays a model railway that runs through a tiny 1950s town.
Talia bought a model airplane kit and spent the weekend putting the pieces together.
collocation: model [object] kit
The architect used a model house to show the client the planned garden layout.
Ryan enjoys building model cars as a relaxing weekend hobby.
- miniature
emphasises the small size rather than the scale relationship to the original
用法筆記
This attributive use is far less common than using 'model' as a noun in a compound ('model airplane', 'model railway'). The noun phrase (noun sense 4) is the more standard way to express this meaning.