permanent
/ˈpɜːmənənt/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈpɜːrmənənt/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈpər-mə-nənt ˈpərm-nənt/ (ame, mw) · /ˈpɜː.mə.nənt/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈpɝː.mə.nənt/ (ame, ipa)
permanent — adjective
- permanentpositive
- more permanentcomparative
- most permanentsuperlative
1. continuing for many years or for life, or staying in a form that will not be cha
continuing for many years or for life, or staying in a form that will not be changed back or removed
The surgery left a permanent scar above Leo's left eyebrow.
collocation: permanent scar
Marta used a permanent marker to label every box in the garage.
collocation: permanent marker
After the fire, the museum made permanent changes to the front doors.
The judge warned that one careless post could cause permanent damage.
Town workers planted oak trees as a permanent sign of the town's thanks.
- lasting
Also about continuing a long time, but it does not always suggest forever or an unchangeable result.
- enduring
More formal, often stressing strength through time.
- irreversible
Narrower; used when a change cannot be changed back.
- indelible
Narrower and more formal, especially for marks, ink, or memories.
- temporary
Lasts only for a limited time.
- reversible
Can be changed back to the earlier state.
用法筆記
Often used with results, marks, or damage that cannot be undone. Distinguish from adjective/2: this sense focuses on long-lasting effect, not on something being regularly present in a place or role.
常見錯誤
2. present, available, or set up all the time instead of only for a short period or
present, available, or set up all the time instead of only for a short period or one occasion
After six months, Hana was offered a permanent job at the bakery.
collocation: permanent job
The museum has a permanent exhibition beside the main stairs.
collocation: permanent exhibition
Our village clinic finally has a permanent doctor on weekdays.
The school needs a permanent music room, not another tent.
The camp now has permanent toilets near the bus stop.
- fixed
Suggests something set in one arrangement or position.
- standing
More formal; often used for arrangements or orders that stay in force.
- established
Stresses that something has been officially created or kept in place.
用法筆記
Common with jobs, staff, displays, rooms, and facilities. Distinguish from adjective/1: this sense is about something being in place all the time, not about a mark or change that cannot be undone.
常見錯誤
permanent — noun
- permanentsingular
- permanentsplural
1. a salon process that uses chemicals to give the hair curls that stay for weeks o
a salon process that uses chemicals to give the hair curls that stay for weeks or months, or the curled style itself
Tina got a permanent at the salon before her cousin's winter wedding.
collocation: get a permanent
The permanent looked looser after Amy washed her hair twice.
At the salon, Mrs. Chen asked for a soft permanent.
Rosa's mother had a permanent at the salon every spring for twenty years.
My aunt showed the hairdresser a photo before getting her permanent.
- perm
The short everyday form, much more common in speech.
- permanent wave
The full formal name, now somewhat old-fashioned.
- straight style
A hairstyle without curls.
文法句型
get a permanent
have a permanent
用法筆記
Usually countable. In everyday English, many speakers say perm instead; permanent is the older full form and often appears with get or have.