scruff

IPA/skrʌf/
IPA/skrʌf/

scruff — noun

  • scruffsingular
  • scruffsplural

1. the loose skin and fur on the rear part of an animal's neck, which a person can

1.名詞C1
釋義

the loose skin and fur on the rear part of an animal's neck, which a person can take hold of to lift or move the animal.

例句

Tariro lifted the kitten gently by the scruff of its neck.

by the scruff of [possessive] neck for grabbing

The mother cat carried each tiny kitten by the scruff.

同義詞
  • nape

    the back of the neck in neutral, descriptive use; not tied to grabbing

  • neck

    the whole neck; 'scruff' points only to the loose skin at the back

文法句型

by the scruff of the/one's neck

用法筆記

Almost always appears in the fixed phrase 'by the scruff of the neck' (or 'of its/his/her neck'). Used of animals far more often than people; with people it suggests grabbing them roughly to control or remove them.

常見錯誤

She held the cat on the scruff.
She held the cat by the scruff of its neck.
💡the fixed phrase uses 'by', not 'on'.

2. someone who looks messy and unwashed, with dirty or careless clothes and a gener

2.名詞C2
釋義

someone who looks messy and unwashed, with dirty or careless clothes and a generally neglected appearance.

例句

Niran turned up to the interview looking like a total scruff.

look like a scruff for a messy appearance

Esteban called his brother a scruff for never ironing his shirts.

同義詞
  • slob

    stresses laziness and mess together, often stronger and ruder

  • mess

    informal, as in 'he's a mess'; broader, can also mean emotionally troubled

用法筆記

Informal and chiefly British. Often mild or affectionate teasing rather than a serious insult. Distinguish from sense 1: this sense refers to a whole untidy person, never to a part of the neck.

常見錯誤

He is very scruff today.
He is a scruff today.' or 'He looks scruffy today.
💡'scruff' here is a noun; the adjective is 'scruffy'.

3. casual, shabby clothes that are too old or rough to wear for work, a special eve

3.名詞C2
釋義

casual, shabby clothes that are too old or rough to wear for work, a special event, or any smart occasion.

例句

Saira spent her whole Sunday lounging at home in her scruff.

in [possessive] scruff for old casual clothes

Christopher painted the fence in an old pair of scruff he kept in the shed.

同義詞
  • rags

    stresses torn, very worn-out clothing; harsher than 'scruff'

  • old clothes

    plain everyday phrase; 'scruff' adds an informal, slightly self-mocking tone

反義詞
  • Sunday best

    one's smartest clothes, kept for special occasions

用法筆記

Informal British, and fairly rare. Treated as uncountable, like 'old clothes'. Distinguish from sense 2: this names the clothes themselves, not the person wearing them.

常見錯誤

I wore a scruff to clean the garage.
I wore my scruff to clean the garage.
💡uncountable, so no 'a'; use a possessive instead.