turbulence

/ˈtɜːbjələns/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈtɜːrbjələns/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈtər-byə-lən(t)s/ (ame, mw)

turbulence — noun

1. an unstable and confused situation within a society, organization, or system, ma

1.名詞B2
釋義

an unstable and confused situation within a society, organization, or system, marked by sudden changes, fierce disagreements, or violent conflict

例句

The country experienced political turbulence after the election results were challenged.

collocation: political turbulence

Economic turbulence forced the factory to lay off hundreds of workers.

collocation: economic turbulence

同義詞
  • chaos

    stronger and less formal; suggests total confusion with no control

  • upheaval

    similar formality; focuses on a sudden and violent change that disrupts normal life

  • instability

    describes a lack of steadiness rather than active disorder

反義詞
  • stability

    a calm, steady state with no sudden changes

  • order

    a state where rules are followed and things run smoothly

文法句型

turbulence + in + noun phrase

用法筆記

More formal than 'chaos' or 'mess'. Often used with nouns like 'political', 'economic', or 'social' to specify the area of disorder.

2. sudden, irregular movements of air or water that make things shake or move rough

2.名詞B2
釋義

sudden, irregular movements of air or water that make things shake or move roughly

例句

The sudden turbulence threw luggage from the overhead bins onto the floor.

collocation: sudden turbulence

The turbulence over the mountains jolted the plane so hard that Dario spilled his coffee.

同義詞
  • rough air

    informal term used specifically for bumpy conditions on a plane

  • buffeting

    more technical; describes repeated strong impacts from wind or water against something

反義詞
  • calm

    smooth, still conditions in air or water with no sudden movement

文法句型

turbulence + in + noun phrase

用法筆記

Most commonly used for air travel. Can describe any fluid (air, water, gas) but to most English speakers it first suggests a bumpy plane ride.