gums
gums — 名詞
- gumssingular
- gumsesplural
1. The pink soft tissue in your mouth that surrounds the lower part of each tooth a
牙齦
口腔內包覆牙齒根部的組織
The pink soft tissue in your mouth that surrounds the lower part of each tooth and lies over the jawbone.
After brushing too hard, Nala noticed her gums were bleeding.
Nala 刷牙太用力後，發現牙齦在流血。
collocation: bleeding gums / sore gums
The dentist told Kabir that his gums looked healthy and firm.
牙醫告訴 Kabir 他的牙齦看起來健康又結實。
Bilal's gums felt tender after he ate the very spicy curry.
Bilal 吃了很辣的咖哩後，覺得牙齦有點痠痛。
You should floss between your teeth every day to keep your gums in good condition.
你應該每天用牙線清潔牙縫，以保持牙齦健康。
Swollen gums can be a sign of infection and should be checked by a dentist.
牙齦腫脹可能是感染的信號，應該請牙醫檢查。
- gingiva
The formal medical term for gums; used by dentists and in clinical writing, never in everyday speech.
用法筆記
This sense is always used in the plural form 'gums', even when referring to the tissue around a single tooth. The singular 'gum' is extremely rare in this anatomical meaning.
常見錯誤
2. A sticky substance produced by certain trees and plants that comes out through t
樹膠
植物莖幹分泌的黏性物質
A sticky substance produced by certain trees and plants that comes out through the bark and hardens when it dries.
Niran showed the class how gum from the acacia tree can be used as a thickener in cooking.
Niran 向全班展示相思樹的樹膠如何用來做烹飪的增稠劑。
collocation: gum from [tree]
When the bark of the cherry tree is cut, a sticky gum slowly drips out.
當櫻樹的樹皮被切開時，黏黏的樹膠會慢慢滴出來。
The baker used natural gum to thicken the fruit pie filling instead of cornstarch.
那位麵包師傅用天然樹膠來加稠水果派的內餡，取代玉米澱粉。
Some kinds of gum from plants are used to make medicine and glue.
有些植物產生的樹膠可以用來製造藥品和膠水。
用法筆記
In this sense the word is uncountable. When referring to the singular form 'gum' is used ('acacia gum', 'gum arabic'). The plural 'gums' typically means the mouth tissue (sense 1).
3. A type of adhesive used for sticking paper, envelopes, or light craft materials
膠水
用於黏貼紙張的膠狀物質
A type of adhesive used for sticking paper, envelopes, or light craft materials together.
Camille spread gum on the back of the stamp before pressing it onto the envelope.
Camille 在郵票背面塗上膠水，然後壓在信封上。
collocation: spread gum on something
Diego used a small brush to apply gum to the torn edge of the book page.
Diego 用小刷子在書頁的撕裂邊緣塗上膠水。
collocation: apply gum to something
The envelope had gum along the flap, so Paul only needed to lick it to seal it shut.
信封的封口上已經有膠水，Paul 只需舔一下就能封起來。
Yumi bought a small bottle of gum at the stationery shop for her paper art project.
Yumi 在文具店買了一小瓶膠水來做紙藝作品。
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 2: sense 3 refers specifically to manufactured glue for paper products, not to the natural plant substance. Common on envelopes, stamps, and stickers.
常見錯誤
4. A soft, chewy sweet that you put in your mouth and crush repeatedly with your te
口香糖
用牙齒咀嚼但不吞下的軟糖
A soft, chewy sweet that you put in your mouth and crush repeatedly with your teeth to release flavour, without swallowing it.
Anong offered Paul a piece of mint gum after lunch.
Anong 在午餐後給了 Paul 一片薄荷口香糖。
The teacher told the students not to chew gum during the exam.
老師告訴學生考試時不要嚼口香糖。
collocation: chew gum
Sofie blew a huge pink bubble with her bubble gum and it popped all over her face.
Sofie 吹了一個大大的粉紅色泡泡糖泡泡，結果砰地一聲炸在她臉上。
There was a piece of old gum stuck under the desk in the library.
圖書館的桌子底下黏著一塊舊口香糖。
- chewing gum
The full, more formal term; 'gum' is the everyday shortened form.
- bubble gum
A softer, sweeter type of chewing gum that stretches so you can blow bubbles with it.
常見錯誤
5. A small, chewy fruit-flavoured sweet whose name often ends in '-gums', like frui
果汁軟糖
有水果味、有嚼勁的糖
A small, chewy fruit-flavoured sweet whose name often ends in '-gums', like fruit gums or wine gums.
Noa bought a bag of fruit gums to share with his little sister on the train.
Noa 買了一袋水果軟糖要跟妹妹在火車上分著吃。
collocation: fruit gums
The children loved the wine gums their grandmother brought back from her trip to London.
孩子們很喜歡奶奶從倫敦帶回來的葡萄酒味軟糖。
collocation: wine gums
Yumi picked out the red gums from the packet and saved the green ones for later.
Yumi 從糖果包裡挑出紅色的軟糖先吃，綠色的留到後面。
These fruit gums are made with real fruit juice and have a soft, chewy texture.
這種水果軟糖是用真正的果汁做的，口感柔軟又有嚼勁。
- gummies
A shorter, modern term used in both British and American English for fruit-flavoured chewy sweets.
- gummy bears
A specific popular brand and shape of gummy candy; often used generically for all similar sweets.
用法筆記
Primarily British usage. 'Wine gums' and 'fruit gums' are branded products. In American English, similar sweets are called 'gummy candies' or 'gummies'.
6. A type of tree that produces a sticky resin or sap, such as the eucalyptus or th
桉樹；膠樹
能分泌樹膠的樹木或其木材
A type of tree that produces a sticky resin or sap, such as the eucalyptus or the sweet gum tree, or the wood from such a tree.
The garden behind their house was shaded by a tall gum tree that had stood for decades.
他們家後面的花園有一棵高大的膠樹遮蔭，已經矗立了幾十年。
In Australia, koalas feed almost entirely on the leaves of certain gum trees.
在澳洲，無尾熊幾乎只吃某些桉樹的葉子。
collocation: gum tree
Kabir chose gum wood for the table because it was strong, straight, and easy to polish.
Kabir 選用膠樹木來做桌子，因為這種木材堅硬、筆直又好打磨。
Sweet gum trees turn brilliant red and orange in autumn, making them popular in parks.
楓香膠樹在秋天會變成鮮豔的紅色和橙色，因此在公園裡很受歡迎。
- eucalyptus
The scientific name for the most common type of gum tree, especially in Australia.
- sweet gum
A specific North American tree known for its star-shaped leaves and colourful autumn foliage.
用法筆記
Many trees that produce sticky sap are informally called 'gum trees'. The word is part of compound names such as 'sweet gum', 'black gum', and 'blue gum' (eucalyptus).
gums — 動詞
- gumspresent simple I / you / we / they
- gumses3rd person singular
- gumsing-ing form
- gumsedpast simple
1. To stick one thing to another by using glue or another sticky substance, especia
用膠黏貼
用膠水將物品黏合
To stick one thing to another by using glue or another sticky substance, especially for paper items.
Niran gummed the old photographs onto the pages of his family scrapbook.
Niran 把舊照片用膠水黏在家庭剪貼簿的頁面上。
pattern: gum something onto something
The address labels were already gummed to the envelopes before we received them.
地址標籤在我們收到之前就已經黏貼在信封上了。
passive: be gummed to something
Sofie carefully gummed the torn corner of the poster back onto the noticeboard.
Sofie 小心翼翼地將海報撕破的角落用膠水貼回佈告欄上。
The postage stamps must be gummed onto the top right corner of the envelope.
郵票必須用膠水黏在信封的右上角。
文法句型
gum something to something
be gummed to something
用法筆記
Often used in the passive voice ('was gummed to') or as a past participle acting as an adjective ('gummed envelope'). Refers specifically to paper, cards, or labels.
2. To chew or crush soft food using only the gums rather than teeth, typically done
用牙齦咀嚼
無牙時以牙齦磨碎食物
To chew or crush soft food using only the gums rather than teeth, typically done by babies or people who have lost their teeth.
The baby gummed a piece of soft bread happily while sitting in her high chair.
小寶寶坐在高腳椅上，開心地用牙齦嚼著一片軟麵包。
Ezra's grandfather had no teeth and could only gum his food during meals.
Ezra 的爺爺沒有牙齒，吃飯時只能靠牙齦磨碎食物。
pattern: gum [food]
The toddler gummed the banana until it turned into a soft mush in his mouth.
學步兒用牙齦嚼著香蕉，直到它在嘴裡變成軟爛的泥狀。
The elderly woman gummed her toast slowly, savouring every bite without any teeth.
那位老太太慢慢地用牙齦嚼著吐司，沒有牙齒卻仍細細品嚐每一口。
文法句型
gum something
用法筆記
Very specific and uncommon. Usually describes babies or elderly people with no teeth. The object is always soft food such as bread, banana, or toast.
3. Of a tree or plant, to produce and release a sticky substance from a cut or dama
分泌樹膠
植物從傷口滲出黏性物質
Of a tree or plant, to produce and release a sticky substance from a cut or damaged part of the bark or stem.
The old plum tree gummed heavily where the gardener had cut off the broken branch.
園丁切斷老梅樹的斷枝後，切口處分泌出大量樹膠。
When the bark is damaged, the tree gums to seal the wound and protect itself from infection.
樹皮受損時，樹木會分泌樹膠來封住傷口，保護自己免受感染。
pattern: tree gums to [purpose]
The acacia tree gums naturally when its trunk is injured by wind or animals.
金合歡樹的主幹被風或動物弄傷時，會自然地分泌樹膠。
The cherry tree started gumming after the hailstorm left small cuts all over its bark.
那棵櫻桃樹在冰雹過後開始分泌樹膠，因為樹皮上滿是小傷口。
文法句型
tree/plant + gum (verb)
用法筆記
An intransitive verb used almost exclusively with trees or plants as the subject. Mostly found in botanical writing or gardening contexts.
4. To become sticky or develop a thick, glue-like texture or consistency.
變黏
變得黏稠或膠狀
To become sticky or develop a thick, glue-like texture or consistency.
The paint had gummed inside the tin after being left open in the summer heat.
那罐油漆在夏天的高溫下開著蓋子放太久，在罐子裡變得黏稠。
If you leave the candy in direct sunlight, it will gum and turn into a sticky mess.
如果把糖果放在陽光直射的地方，它會變黏，成一坨黏糊糊的東西。
pattern: [substance] gums
The syrup gummed on the kitchen counter and was hard to wipe off.
糖漿在廚房流理臺上變黏，很難擦掉。
The old honey had gummed inside the jar and would not pour out anymore.
那罐老蜂蜜在罐子裡變得黏稠，再也倒不出來了。
文法句型
something + gum (verb)
用法筆記
Usually describes a substance that hardens or thickens into a sticky state. Common in recipes, craft instructions, and cleaning contexts.