ration
/ˈræʃn/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈræʃn/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈra-shən ˈrā-/ (ame, mw) · /ˈræʃ.ən/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈræʃ.ən/ (ame, ipa)
ration — 名詞
- rationsingular
- rationsplural
1. an officially controlled portion of an essential resource — such as bread, petro
配給；配給量
短缺時期每人可得的定額
an officially controlled portion of an essential resource — such as bread, petrol, or drinking water — that may be claimed by one person when supplies are tight, for instance during wartime or after a natural disaster.
During the drought, each family received a monthly ration of drinking water.
乾旱期間，每戶家庭每月可獲得一定配給的飲用水。
collocation: a ration of + scarce resource
The government announced that the daily bread ration would be cut to 200 grams per person.
政府宣布每人每日的麵包配給量將減至200公克。
Eshe still had half of her weekly sugar ration, so she baked a small cake.
Eshe 還剩半週的糖配給量，所以她烤了一個小蛋糕。
Soldiers carried a three-day emergency ration in their packs at all times.
士兵們的背包裡隨時攜帶三天份的緊急配給糧食。
With the fuel ration reduced again, many families chose to stay home in the evenings.
燃料配給再次縮減後，許多家庭晚上選擇待在家裡。
- surplus
an excess beyond what is needed, the opposite of scarcity-based rationing
文法句型
a ration of something
用法筆記
Often modified by a time period (daily/weekly/monthly) and paired with the resource being restricted (bread/water/fuel).
常見錯誤
2. the fixed daily supply of food given to soldiers, explorers, or other people liv
口糧
軍人、探險者等的每日食物定額
the fixed daily supply of food given to soldiers, explorers, or other people living in remote or difficult conditions where food is not freely available.
The platoon's rations ran out on the third day of the march through the jungle.
該排在穿越叢林行軍的第三天，口糧就吃光了。
plural form: rations (standard for daily food supply)
Nala packed enough rations for a week before crossing the desert with her team.
Nala 打包了一週份的口糧，然後和隊員一起出發穿越沙漠。
The mountaineers survived on dried rations and melted snow for ten days.
登山者靠乾糧和融雪撐了十天。
Each soldier received cold rations that included crackers, tinned meat, and a chocolate bar.
每位士兵拿到冷口糧，裡面有餅乾、罐頭肉和一條巧克力棒。
When the rescue helicopter arrived, the stranded climbers had only one day of rations left.
救援直升機抵達時，受困的登山者只剩下一天的口糧。
- provisions
broader term for any food supplies, not necessarily restricted or fixed in amount
- supplies
can include non-food items as well
- field rations
specifically refers to military rations intended for combat conditions
文法句型
(plural) rations
用法筆記
Nearly always used in the plural form 'rations' when referring to a soldier's or traveller's food supply. The singular suggests a single item or portion.
常見錯誤
3. how much of something a person typically gets or goes through in a given situati
應得份量
正常或認為合理的數量
how much of something a person typically gets or goes through in a given situation, frequently used in the phrase 'had one's ration of' to suggest that no more is wanted.
Liam has had his fair ration of bad luck — a car crash and job loss.
Liam 今年已經倒了該有的霉運，先是車禍，又丟了工作。
pattern: have had one's fair ration of [something]
The old hospital had its usual ration of broken lifts, leaking roofs, and short-staffed wards.
那家老醫院遇到它那堆老問題：壞掉的電梯、漏水屋頂、人手不足的病房。
Aylin had her ration of meetings for the week and declined the afternoon session.
Aylin 覺得自己這週已經開了夠多會議，便婉拒了下午的場次。
The team got more than their usual ration of rain at camp in Scotland.
這支球隊在蘇格蘭夏季訓練營期間，遇到的雨天比往年都多。
文法句型
one's fair ration of something
one's usual ration of something
用法筆記
This sense carries a tone of mild complaint or resignation. Common in the fixed phrase 'have had one's ration of' to mean 'have had enough and do not want more.'
常見錯誤
ration — 動詞
- rationpresent simple I / you / we / they
- rations3rd person singular
- rationing-ing form
- rationedpast simple
1. to strictly control how much of something each person is allowed to use or have,
配給；限量
因短缺而限制每人用量
to strictly control how much of something each person is allowed to use or have, because there is not enough for everyone to have as much as they want.
During the war, the government rationed petrol to keep essential services running.
戰爭期間，政府實施汽油配給，以維持基本服務車輛運作。
active voice: government rationed [resource]
Each household was rationed to three litres of cooking oil per month.
每戶家庭每月配給三公升食用油。
passive: be rationed to [amount]
The camp rationed water strictly, giving each person only two bottles a day.
營地嚴格配給用水，在炎夏中每人每天只給兩瓶水。
Hao's parents rationed his screen time, one hour on school nights and two at weekends.
Hao 的父母限制他上學日每天只能看一小時螢幕，週末則為兩小時。
After the earthquake, rescue workers rationed the fresh water until more supplies arrived by helicopter.
地震過後，救援人員嚴格配給淡水，直到直昇機運來更多補給品。
- flood
to supply in large quantities, the opposite of controlled scarcity
文法句型
ration something
be rationed to [amount]
ration someone to [amount]
用法筆記
Common in the passive construction 'be rationed to [amount]' when stating the limit. The grammatical subject can be the resource being limited (Water was rationed) or the authority doing the limiting (The government rationed water).
常見錯誤
2. to give out or distribute a fixed portion of food or supplies to each person in
發放配給品
將定額物資分發給每個人
to give out or distribute a fixed portion of food or supplies to each person in a group, especially as part of a planned system.
The quartermaster rationed out the remaining canned goods to the fifty survivors in the bunker.
軍需官將剩餘的罐頭食品分配給碉堡裡的五十名生還者。
phrasal: ration + out + object
Ari rationed the supplies fairly among the construction crew working on the mountain pass.
Ari 把補給品公平地分配給在山區修路的工程隊。
Before the long march, the sergeant rationed each soldier dried fruit and two biscuits.
長途行軍前，中士給每位士兵發了乾果和兩塊餅乾。
The relief agency rationed blankets to every family that lost their home in the flood.
救援機構為在洪水中失去家園的每個家庭發放了毯子。
Meera rationed the chocolate bars out so the children would not eat them.
Meera 一條一條地分發巧克力棒，以免孩子們一次吃光。
- distribute
more neutral; does not imply a fixed allowance per person
- allocate
suggests a planned assignment of shares, often in an official context
- dole out
informal; can imply reluctance or a small amount
- hoard
to keep for oneself rather than distribute
文法句型
ration something out
ration out something to someone
用法筆記
Often used with the particle 'out' (ration out) to emphasise the act of distributing portions. Can take a double-object structure: 'ration someone something'.