surrogate
/ˈsʌrəɡət/ (bre, ipa) · [sˈɚəɡət] /ˈsɜːrəɡət/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈsʌr.ə.ɡət/ (bre, ipa) · [sˈɚəɡət] /ˈsɝː.ə.ɡət/ (ame, ipa) · [sˈɚəɡət] /ˈsər-ə-gət ˈsə-rə-, -ˌgāt/ (ame, mw)
surrogate — 形容詞
- surrogatepositive
- more surrogatecomparative
- most surrogatesuperlative
1. relating to someone or something used in place of the actual person or thing — f
替代的
代替他人或他物的
relating to someone or something used in place of the actual person or thing — for instance, a surrogate parent is not the biological parent but fills that role.
The charity set up a network of surrogate families for children who could not live with their own parents.
該慈善機構建立了一個替代家庭網絡，照顧無法與親生父母同住的孩子。
surrogate + family: a family taking the parental role
A weekly phone call becomes a surrogate form of social contact for many seniors living alone.
對許多獨居老人來說，每週一通電話成了一種替代式的社交接觸。
surrogate + form of: describes a substitute type of something
After Aaron's parents died, his aunt and uncle became surrogate parents who raised him.
亞倫的父母過世後，他的阿姨和姨丈成了替代父母，將他當作親生兒子撫養長大。
The school hired a surrogate instructor to cover classes while Mrs. Park was on maternity leave.
朴老師請產假期間，學校聘請了一位替代教師來代課。
- substitute
more general; used for any replacement, especially in functional or mechanical contexts
- proxy
formal; specifically refers to a person authorized to act for another, often in voting or legal settings
- stand-in
informal; usually temporary, as for an actor or a speaker
文法句型
surrogate + noun
用法筆記
Commonly used before nouns like 'mother', 'parent', 'family', 'father'. Unlike 'substitute', 'surrogate' often carries emotional or relational weight — it is not just a mechanical replacement.
常見錯誤
surrogate — 名詞
- surrogatesingular
- surrogatesplural
1. someone or something that fills the role of another when the original person or
替代物
用來取代其他事物的東西或人
someone or something that fills the role of another when the original person or thing is absent, unavailable, or not suitable.
The grandmother became a loving surrogate for the children after their parents moved abroad for work.
孩子的父母出國工作後，祖母成了他們慈愛的替代照顧者。
a surrogate for [person]: someone who takes another's role
For an elderly patient, the therapy dog became a surrogate for the companionship he had lost.
對一位年邁病患而言，治療犬成了他所失去的陪伴的替代物。
After Sora's children went to university, gardening became a surrogate for her daily care routine.
Sora 的孩子們上大學後，園藝成了她日常照顧工作的替代物。
The orphanage director acted as a surrogate for the children, attending parent-teacher meetings at their school.
孤兒院院長擔任孩子們的替代者，代表他們出席學校的家長會。
- substitute
more neutral and widely used; less emotional weight
- replacement
emphasises the removal of the original; a surrogate may supplement rather than replace
- stand-in
informal; temporary and usually for a person in a specific event or role
- original
the first or genuine person or thing that a surrogate replaces
文法句型
a surrogate for + noun phrase
用法筆記
Frequently followed by 'for' to specify what is being replaced. Can refer to either a person or an object. The emotional or relational dimension is stronger than with 'substitute'.
常見錯誤
2. a person appointed or chosen to act, speak, or make decisions on behalf of anoth
代理人
代表他人發言或行事的人
a person appointed or chosen to act, speak, or make decisions on behalf of another person, especially when that person is absent or unable to act.
When the finance minister could not attend the summit, a senior official served as her surrogate at the talks.
財政部長無法出席高峰會時，一位高階官員以她的代理人身份參加會談。
serve as a surrogate: formal phrasing for acting on someone's behalf
The elderly woman named her eldest son as her healthcare surrogate, authorising him to decide on her medical treatment.
這位老太太指定長子為她的醫療代理人，授權他為她的醫療處置做決定。
healthcare surrogate: legal term for a medical decision-maker
The ambassador sent a surrogate to the closed-door meeting because she had to return to the capital unexpectedly.
大使因臨時需返回首都，派了一位代理人參加閉門會議。
Dr. Chen prepared a written statement and asked a colleague to act as her surrogate at the disciplinary hearing.
陳醫師準備了一份書面聲明，請同事以她的代理人身份出席紀律聽證會。
- deputy
common in government and corporate roles; implies rank and formal appointment
- proxy
formal; often used in voting or legal authorization contexts
- representative
broader meaning; anyone elected or chosen to speak for a group
- alternate
used when someone fills in according to a rotation or formal arrangement
文法句型
a surrogate for + noun phrase (person)
用法筆記
Strongly associated with legal, political, and official contexts. A surrogate in this sense has formal authority to act, unlike a casual substitute. 'Healthcare surrogate' and 'surrogate decision-maker' are fixed terms in medical law.
常見錯誤
3. a woman who carries a pregnancy and gives birth on behalf of someone else — usua
代孕者
為他人懷孕生子的女性
a woman who carries a pregnancy and gives birth on behalf of someone else — usually a person or couple unable to conceive or sustain a pregnancy themselves.
The couple found a surrogate through a licensed agency after years of failed fertility treatments.
經過多年的不孕治療失敗後，這對夫婦透過合法仲介找到了一位代孕者。
find a surrogate: common collocation in fertility contexts
The surrogate signed a contract agreeing to receive medical care and a monthly allowance during the pregnancy.
代孕者簽署了一份合約，同意在懷孕期間接受醫療照護及每月津貼。
The surrogate named Adaeze flew to Chennai for the embryo transfer and rested afterwards.
這位名叫 Adaeze 的代孕者飛到清奈進行胚胎植入，在診所附近待了兩週。
The intended mother travelled from Japan to meet the surrogate who would carry her baby.
那位準媽媽從日本飛來，與將要為她懷孕的代孕者見面。
- surrogate mother
full form; more explicit in everyday conversation
- gestational carrier
medical term; refers specifically to a surrogate who has no genetic link to the baby
文法句型
surrogate + verb (carry, give birth)
act as a surrogate
用法筆記
Often used by itself (without 'mother') in news and legal contexts, though 'surrogate mother' is also common. Distinguish from 'gestational carrier' — a surrogate may or may not be genetically related to the baby, depending on the arrangement.
常見錯誤
surrogate — 動詞
- surrogatepresent simple I / you / we / they
- surrogates3rd person singular
- surrogating-ing form
- surrogatedpast simple
1. to officially appoint someone to take your place or to perform a duty on your be
指派代理
正式任命某人代替自己
to officially appoint someone to take your place or to perform a duty on your behalf, especially in a formal or organizational context.
The CEO surrogated her chief of staff Hari to attend the board meeting.
執行長指派她的幕僚長 Hari 代替她出席董事會會議。
surrogate + person + to-infinitive: formal construction with named role
Ambassador Sivan surrogated a junior diplomat to deliver the statement at the Geneva press conference.
Sivan 大使指派一位初級外交官代替她在日內瓦記者會上發表聲明。
surrogate [person] + to-infinitive [purpose]: active voice, diplomatic context
Minister Obi surrogated a senior aide to sign the trade agreement during the overseas visit.
Obi 部長指派一位高級助理在海外訪問期間代替她簽署貿易協定。
The committee surrogated former judge Iker to lead the review of the university admissions policy.
委員會指派退休法官 Iker 主導大學招生政策的審查工作。
- substitute
common; works for both people and things
- deputize
closest in meaning; common in US English for assigning temporary authority
- appoint
general term for choosing someone for a role; less specific about replacement
文法句型
surrogate + person + as + role
be surrogated + to infinitive
用法筆記
Very rare in everyday English. The noun and adjective forms are far more common. In modern usage, 'appoint', 'designate', or 'substitute' are preferred in most contexts. This verb is mostly encountered in legal or historical texts.