proxy
/ˈprɒksi/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈprɑːksi/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈpräk-sē/ (ame, mw)
proxy — 名詞
- proxysingular
- proxiesplural
1. the right to vote or make decisions for another person who is not able to be pre
代理權
授權他人代為投票或決策的權利
the right to vote or make decisions for another person who is not able to be present
Bilal gave his brother the proxy to vote at the shareholders' meeting.
Bilal 將代理權交給他的兄弟，讓他在股東會議上投票。
collocation: give (someone) the proxy
Board members can vote either in person or by proxy at the annual meeting.
董事會成員可以親自出席或委託代理人在年會上投票。
phrase: by proxy
Lan appointed a colleague as her proxy for the committee election.
Lan 指派一名同事擔任她的代理人，參加委員會選舉。
Under the company's rules, proxy can only be given to another team member.
根據公司規定，代理權只能授予另一位團隊成員。
Many retired shareholders vote by proxy because they travel frequently.
許多退休股東因為經常出遊而委託代理人投票。
- authority
broader — can refer to any official power, not only delegated voting power
- mandate
stronger implication of a formal instruction from a group, often political
- power of attorney
a specific legal document granting broad authority; more formal than a proxy
常見錯誤
2. a vote that is cast for someone who cannot attend, or the official document that
委託書
由他人代投的選票或委託投票文件
a vote that is cast for someone who cannot attend, or the official document that records this vote
Tanvi submitted her proxy by email before the board meeting started.
Tanvi 在董事會開始前透過電子郵件提交了她的委託書。
collocation: submit a proxy
Each proxy must be signed by the shareholder and witnessed by a notary.
每份委託書都必須由股東簽名，並由公證人見證。
The chairperson read the proxies aloud before counting the votes.
主席在計票前大聲宣讀了所有委託書。
Iris collected proxies from three absent members before the final vote.
Iris 在最終投票前收集了三位缺席成員的委託書。
The company received over two hundred proxies before the deadline.
公司在截止日期前收到了超過兩百份委託書。
- proxy vote
fully explicit but often redundant since 'proxy' alone carries the same meaning
- proxy form
specifically the physical or digital form used to submit a proxy
- ballot
a generic voting paper; does not imply delegation to another person
用法筆記
Often used in the plural (proxies) when referring to multiple votes or documents collected from different people.
常見錯誤
3. someone officially chosen to carry out tasks — such as voting or signing papers
代理人
獲授權代表他人行事的人
someone officially chosen to carry out tasks — such as voting or signing papers — for another person who cannot do them
Kwame acted as his uncle's proxy and signed the property documents.
Kwame 擔任他叔叔的代理人，簽署了房產文件。
collocation: act as (someone's) proxy
The elderly woman chose her daughter to be her proxy for medical decisions.
那位老婦人選擇她的女兒擔任醫療決策的代理人。
Christopher was appointed proxy for three colleagues at the union meeting.
Christopher 被指派為工會會議上三位同事的代理人。
Bao served as the proxy for the absent director during the vote.
Bao 在投票期間擔任缺席董事的代理人。
A proxy must follow the instructions given by the person they represent.
代理人必須遵循委託人所給予的指示。
- representative
broader term — a representative may have general authority; a proxy has specific, limited authority
- delegate
often implies being sent by a group or organisation rather than an individual
- deputy
suggests a standing role within an organisation rather than a one-time appointment
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1: sense 1 is the right/authority itself, whereas this sense is the person who holds that right. In legal contexts, a proxy (person) is often called a 'proxy holder' or 'proxy voter.'
常見錯誤
4. a person or thing used instead of the original, doing a comparable job or standi
替代物
替代他人或他物的事物
a person or thing used instead of the original, doing a comparable job or standing in for it in a measurement
In her study, sleep quality was used as a proxy for overall health.
在她的研究中，睡眠品質被用作整體健康的替代指標。
pattern: proxy for [abstract concept]
The researchers used GDP as a proxy for the country's living standard.
研究人員以 GDP 作為該國生活水準的替代指標。
Élise saw the old photograph as a proxy for the childhood she never had.
Élise 把那張舊照片視為她未曾擁有的童年的替代品。
When the real medicine was unavailable, doctors used a proxy treatment.
當真正的藥物無法取得時，醫生使用了替代療法。
Oil prices are often considered a proxy for the state of the global economy.
油價常被視為全球經濟狀況的替代指標。
- substitute
more general — can refer to any replacement, not necessarily an indirect measure
- surrogate
often implies a more direct one-to-one replacement in a specific role
- stand-in
informal; often used for people filling a temporary role
- original
the thing that the proxy stands in for
用法筆記
Common in academic and analytical writing. The thing being proxied for is typically an abstract concept that is difficult to measure directly, so researchers use a measurable proxy variable instead.
5. a computer system that acts as a middle point between a user's device and the in
代理伺服器
位於使用者與網際網路之間的中介伺服器
a computer system that acts as a middle point between a user's device and the internet, often used to improve security, speed, or control access
The school's proxy server blocks access to social media sites during class.
學校的代理伺服器在上課期間封鎖了社群媒體網站。
collocation: proxy server
João configured the browser to connect through a proxy in Singapore.
João 將瀏覽器設定為透過新加坡的代理伺服器連線。
Companies often use a proxy to monitor employees' internet usage.
公司經常使用代理伺服器來監控員工的網路使用情況。
Dewi set up a proxy on her laptop to access region-locked content.
Dewi 在她的筆電上設定了一個代理伺服器，以存取受地區限制的內容。
The IT department asked everyone to check their proxy settings after the update.
IT 部門要求每個人檢查更新後的代理伺服器設定。
- proxy server
the full technical term; 'proxy' is the common shortening
- gateway
a broader term for any system that connects two networks
- VPN
a different technology — a VPN encrypts all traffic, while a proxy typically works at the application level
用法筆記
In everyday speech, 'proxy' is often used as a shorthand for 'proxy server.' This sense is distinct because it refers to a machine or software, not a person or a right.