provision
/prəˈvɪʒn/ (bre, ipa) · /prəˈvɪʒn/ (ame, ipa) · /prə-ˈvi-zhən/ (ame, mw) · /prəˈvɪʒ.ən/ (bre, ipa) · /prəˈvɪʒ.ən/ (ame, ipa)
provision — 名詞
- provisionsingular
- provisionsplural
1. when someone makes something that others need available to them — for example, s
提供
提供某人所需之物
when someone makes something that others need available to them — for example, supplying clean water to a village, or equipment to workers.
The NGO is responsible for the provision of clean water to remote villages in the highlands.
該非政府組織負責向偏遠山區的村莊提供乾淨的飲用水。
provision of [something] to [recipient]
A clause in the contract covers the provision of safety equipment by the employer.
合約中有一項條款涵蓋了雇主提供安全設備的相關事項。
Parents are often involved in the provision of care for their elderly relatives at home.
父母通常會在家裡參與照料年邁親屬的相關工作。
The new housing policy ensures the provision of affordable apartments for low-income families.
新的住房政策確保了為低收入家庭提供負擔得起的公寓。
- supply
more concrete; can refer to both the act and the quantity provided
- providing
less formal, used in everyday speech rather than institutional writing
- furnishing
more formal, typically used for equipping a space with furniture or fixtures
- withholding
deliberately keeping something from being available
文法句型
provision of [something] to [someone]
用法筆記
Often followed by 'of' plus a noun phrase describing what is supplied. Uncountable in this sense — do not use 'a provision' or 'provisions' when referring to the act of supplying.
常見錯誤
2. supplies of food, drink, and other basic items needed to survive, especially whe
物資；糧食
旅行或應急儲備的食物與必需品
supplies of food, drink, and other basic items needed to survive, especially when stored for a journey or a period away from shops.
The hikers packed enough provisions for the five-day trek through the Rocky Mountains.
登山者打包了足夠的物資，以應付為期五天的洛磯山脈健行行程。
plural: provisions for [duration / purpose]
Before the storm arrived, the Kim family stocked up on provisions like canned food and bottled water.
暴風雨來臨前，Kim 一家囤積了罐頭食品和瓶裝水等物資。
collocation: stock up on provisions
Aid workers from the Red Cross distributed emergency provisions to families at the border camp.
紅十字會的救援人員在邊境營地將緊急物資分發給難民家庭。
The ship carried enough provisions for its crew to survive six months at sea without stopping at any port.
船上攜帶了足夠的糧食，讓船員能夠在海上航行六個月而無需靠港補給。
文法句型
provisions for [purpose / duration]
用法筆記
Almost always used in the plural (provisions). When 'provision' appears in the singular, it generally refers to a different meaning (see senses 1, 3, 4, and 5).
常見錯誤
3. a specific condition or requirement written into a legal document, contract, or
條款；規定
法律或合約中的具體條件
a specific condition or requirement written into a legal document, contract, or law that states what must or must not happen.
The contract includes a provision that allows either party to cancel within thirty days.
合約中包含一項條款，允許任何一方在三十天內取消合約。
provision + that-clause stating a condition
Under the provisions of the new immigration law, visa applicants must show proof of employment.
根據新移民法的規定，簽證申請人必須出示就業證明。
prepositional: under the provisions of [law]
Romi's lawyer advised adding a provision to protect her rights to the original artwork.
Romi 的律師建議增加一條條款，以保護她對原創藝術品的權利。
A provision in the lease requires tenants to obtain written permission before painting any walls.
租約中的一項規定要求承租人必須獲得書面許可才能粉刷牆壁。
- clause
more specific — a clause is a distinct section within a contract; a provision may be part of a clause
- stipulation
more formal, focusing on the requirement aspect
- condition
broader; a condition can be agreed verbally, while a provision is written
文法句型
provision in [document]
under the provisions of [law]
provision that + clause
用法筆記
Subject is usually a legal document (contract, law, treaty, lease). Frequently paired with verbs such as 'include', 'contain', 'add', or 'violate'.
常見錯誤
4. money that a business keeps in its financial records to pay for a future cost or
準備金；備抵
公司為可能損失預留的資金
money that a business keeps in its financial records to pay for a future cost or loss that is likely but not yet certain.
The company set aside a provision of two million dollars to cover potential legal costs.
該公司提撥了兩百萬美元的準備金，以因應潛在的法律訴訟費用。
provision of [amount] to cover [liability]
The bank increased its provisions for bad loans after the economic downturn affected many borrowers.
經濟衰退影響了許多借款人之後，該銀行提高了壞帳準備金。
collocation: provisions for bad loans
Accountants review the provisions for doubtful debts at the end of each financial quarter.
會計師在每個財務季度末審查呆帳準備金。
The auditor questioned whether the firm's tax provisions were sufficient under the new regulations.
審計師質疑該公司在新法規下提列的稅務準備金是否充足。
- reserve
broader — reserves include retained earnings, while provisions are for specific expected losses
- allowance
used in phrases like 'allowance for doubtful accounts', more common in US accounting
- accrual
refers to expenses already incurred but not yet paid, slightly different from a provision for future losses
文法句型
provision for [liability / expense]
set aside a provision
用法筆記
Domain-specific to accounting and corporate finance. Usually appears in plural form (provisions) when referring to ongoing reserves. This sense is distinct from 'provision' in sense 5 (preparation) because it involves recording a specific figure in financial statements.
常見錯誤
5. steps taken ahead of time to be ready for a possible need later, especially when
準備；安排
為未來可能情況做的準備
steps taken ahead of time to be ready for a possible need later, especially when money or caring for someone is involved.
The couple made provision for their children's education by starting a college savings fund early.
這對夫婦很早就開始存大學教育基金，為子女的教育做好準備。
phrase: make provision for [future need]
Feng's will made provision for his elderly parents to receive monthly financial support.
Feng 的遺囑中做了安排，讓年邁的父母每月都能獲得經濟上的資助。
Every small business should make provision for unexpected emergencies in its annual budget.
每家小型企業都應該在年度預算中為突發緊急狀況做好準備。
The retirement plan includes a provision for healthcare costs to be covered after age sixty-five.
退休計畫中包含一項安排，讓六十五歲之後的醫療費用獲得給付。
- preparation
broader; preparation can refer to any readiness activity, while 'provision' is more about ensuring resources
- arrangement
more neutral; 'arrangements' can be for definite plans, whereas 'provision' implies dealing with uncertainty
- planning ahead
phrasal and less formal, emphasising the forward-looking aspect
- neglect
failing to prepare for future needs
文法句型
make provision for [future need]
用法筆記
Most commonly appears in the fixed expression 'make provision for'. Unlike sense 1 (SUPPLYING), this sense is about advance planning rather than the act of providing something directly.
常見錯誤
provision — 動詞
- provisionpresent simple I / you / we / they
- provisions3rd person singular
- provisioning-ing form
- provisionedpast simple
1. to supply a person, group, or place with food, equipment, and other necessary it
補給
為…供應所需物資
to supply a person, group, or place with food, equipment, and other necessary items, especially for a specific journey or period away from regular supply sources.
The relief agency provisioned the camp with enough food for two thousand refugees.
救援機構為營地提供了足夠兩千名難民所需的糧食。
provision [place] with [supplies]
The ship was provisioned for a six-month voyage across the Pacific Ocean.
該船已備妥物資，準備進行為期六個月的太平洋航行。
passive: be provisioned for [trip / duration]
Before the expedition, Jisoo provisioned the base camp with medical supplies and radio equipment.
遠征出發前，Jisoo 為基地營補給了醫療用品和無線電設備。
Each lifeboat on the cruise ship is provisioned with drinking water, blankets, and first-aid supplies.
遊輪上的每艘救生艇都備有飲用水、毛毯和急救用品。
文法句型
provision [place / group] with [supplies]
provision [place / group] for [duration / purpose]
用法筆記
Often used in the passive voice. The object is typically a place (camp, ship), vehicle (lifeboat), or group (troops, expedition). More formal than 'supply' — less common in everyday conversation.