stock
stock — 動詞
1. to have a product available at a shop or business so that people can buy it.
販售；備有
商店備有貨品供出售
to have a product available at a shop or business so that people can buy it.
The supermarket on Main Street stocks fresh vegetables and fruit every day.
Main Street 上的超市每天備有新鮮蔬菜和水果。
stock + [product type] — goods kept for sale
Diego's favourite bookstore stocks novels by local and foreign writers.
Diego 最喜歡的書店販售本地和外國作家的小說。
The small pharmacy stocks medicine for colds and simple headaches.
那間小藥局備有治療感冒和頭痛的藥。
Hardware shops near the station often stock paint and garden tools.
車站附近的水電行通常備有油漆和園藝工具。
The shop near the school stocks notebooks, pens, and paper for children.
學校附近的商店販售筆記本、筆和給孩子用的紙。
文法句型
stock + [product/goods]
用法筆記
The direct object is always the product or item being offered for sale, not the shop or shelf. Only businesses typically use this sense.
常見錯誤
2. to put a supply of things into a cupboard, shelf, room, or other space so that t
裝滿；儲備
將物品放入容器或空間中備用
to put a supply of things into a cupboard, shelf, room, or other space so that they are ready to use or sell.
Élise stocked the fridge with enough food for the whole week.
Élise 在冰箱裡裝滿了足夠吃一整個星期的食物。
stock + [container] + with + [contents]
The shop workers stocked the shelves before the morning rush.
店員在早上的繁忙時段到來前把貨架補滿。
The kitchen was stocked with pots, pans, and cooking utensils.
廚房裡備齊了鍋子、平底鍋和烹飪用具。
Christopher stocked his desk with notebooks and pens for school.
Christopher 在書桌抽屜裡放滿了筆記本和筆，準備上學用。
The family stocked their cupboard with rice and canned vegetables.
那家人把櫥櫃裝滿了米和罐頭蔬菜。
文法句型
stock + [container/space] + with + [goods]
用法筆記
The direct object is the container or space being filled. Use 'with' to specify what is put inside. Frequently appears in the passive ('the fridge is stocked with…').
常見錯誤
stock — 名詞
1. things that a person or organization keeps so that they can use or sell them whe
庫存；儲備
可供使用或銷售的物資
things that a person or organization keeps so that they can use or sell them when needed
The hospital keeps a large stock of blood for emergencies.
醫院為了緊急情況儲備了大量血液庫存。
keep a stock of [something]
Kabir checked the warehouse to see how much paper stock was left.
Kabir 檢查了倉庫，看看紙張庫存還剩多少。
When the storm came, families rushed to build up their stock of food and water.
暴風雨來襲時，許多家庭趕忙儲備食物和飲用水。
The library's stock of reference books has grown this year.
圖書館的參考書庫存今年增加了不少。
Camille ordered extra stock of the medicine before the winter flu season.
Camille 在冬季流感季節到來前增訂了藥品庫存。
- shortage
situation when not enough is available
文法句型
stock of [something]
用法筆記
Often paired with 'of' to specify what is being stored. Can refer to physical items (food, books) or abstract resources (ideas, knowledge).
常見錯誤
2. all the products that a store has ready for customers to buy
存貨；商品
商店中供顧客購買的貨品
all the products that a store has ready for customers to buy
The store is running low on stock of winter coats.
那家店的冬季外套存貨越來越少了。
running low on stock
Greta asked the shop assistant whether the new phone was in stock.
Greta 問店員新款手機是否有現貨。
in stock / out of stock
This item is currently out of stock, but more should arrive next week.
這件商品目前缺貨，但下週應該會補貨。
Vinícius works at the shoe store, where he helps organize the stock.
Vinícius 在鞋店工作，負責整理庫存商品。
The supermarket rotates its stock so that nothing stays on the shelves too long.
超市定期輪換存貨，確保商品不會在貨架上放太久。
- merchandise
more formal and specific to goods for sale; less common in everyday speech
- inventory
refers to the recorded list of goods, not the goods themselves
文法句型
in stock
out of stock
常見錯誤
3. the money a business receives when it sells parts of its ownership to investors,
資本額；資金
公司出售所有權籌得的資金
the money a business receives when it sells parts of its ownership to investors, used to run and grow the company
The company raised additional stock by offering new shares to investors.
該公司透過向投資者發行新股來籌措更多股本。
raise stock / issue stock
Beatrix owns stock in a technology firm that develops solar panels.
Beatrix 擁有一家開發太陽能板的科技公司的股份。
own stock in [company]
The board decided to issue more stock to pay for the new factory.
董事會決定發行更多股本，以支付新工廠的建設費用。
When a company's stock value rises, it becomes easier to borrow money.
當一家公司的股價上升時，融資就變得更容易。
Tuan put his savings into the stock of several renewable-energy companies.
Tuan 把積蓄投資在幾家再生能源公司的股份上。
文法句型
stock in [company]
issue stock
用法筆記
Frequently in business and finance contexts. 'Stock' in this sense is uncountable and refers to the total capital, while 'shares' (sense 4) refers to the individual units.
常見錯誤
4. one of the equal parts that a company's ownership is divided into, which people
股票
代表公司所有權的交易單位
one of the equal parts that a company's ownership is divided into, which people can buy and sell to make a profit
Cyrus bought stock in three different companies to spread his risk.
Cyrus 買了三家不同公司的股票來分散風險。
buy stock in [company]
The price of their stock fell sharply after the bad news about profits.
利潤不佳的消息傳出後，該公司股價大幅下跌。
Eri checks the stock market report every morning before work.
Eri 每天早上上班前都會查看股市行情。
Many employees receive stock in the company as part of their pay.
許多員工獲得公司股票作為薪資的一部分。
Rachid sold his stock when the share price reached its highest point.
Rachid 在股價達到最高點時賣掉了手上的股票。
文法句型
stocks and shares
buy/sell stock
用法筆記
In American English, 'stock' is used both for the general concept (sense 3) and for individual units (this sense). In British English, 'shares' is preferred for individual units. 'Stock market' is the common term for the place where stocks are traded.
常見錯誤
5. money that people lend to a national government, which pays them back with regul
公債；國債
借給政府並收取固定利息的資金
money that people lend to a national government, which pays them back with regular interest payments over a fixed period
Government stock is considered safe because the state guarantees the interest.
政府公債被認為是安全的投資，因為政府保證支付利息。
government stock
Yael put some of her pension money into five-year government stock.
Yael 把部分退休金投入了五年期政府公債。
The interest rate on government stock has dropped to its lowest level in years.
政府公債的利率已跌至多年來的最低點。
Older investors often prefer government stock over company shares for its steady returns.
年長投資者通常偏好政府公債而非公司股票，因為收益穩定。
Christopher bought government stock that pays four percent interest every year.
Christopher 買了每年支付百分之四利息的政府公債。
文法句型
government stock
stock in [government]
用法筆記
Primarily British English. In American English, these are usually called 'government bonds' or 'treasury bonds'. The term 'stocks' in this sense refers to the loan itself, not to company ownership.
常見錯誤
6. a savoury cooking liquid created by slowly heating bones, meat scraps, or vegeta
高湯；湯底
用骨頭或蔬菜熬製的調味湯汁
a savoury cooking liquid created by slowly heating bones, meat scraps, or vegetables with water, used to add depth to soups, stews, and sauces
Kasia made a rich chicken stock by simmering the bones with onions and carrots.
Kasia 用雞骨加上洋蔥和紅蘿蔔熬煮出濃郁的雞高湯。
make [type] stock: chicken stock / vegetable stock
The chef used fish stock as the base for the seafood soup.
主廚用魚高湯作為海鮮湯的湯底。
Vinícius keeps a container of homemade vegetable stock in the freezer for quick sauces.
Vinícius 把自製的蔬菜高湯放在冷凍庫，隨時拿來做醬汁。
You can buy stock cubes at the supermarket to add flavour to stews.
你可以在超市買高湯塊，用來替燉菜增添風味。
Beatrix poured the stock through a sieve to remove the bits of bone and herbs.
Beatrix 把高湯用篩子過濾，濾掉骨頭碎屑和香草殘渣。
文法句型
make stock
chicken/vegetable/fish/beef stock
用法筆記
Distinguish from 'broth' — stock is usually unseasoned and made from bones, while broth is seasoned and often includes meat. In practice, home cooks often use the terms interchangeably.
常見錯誤
7. creatures like cattle, pigs, and poultry that people keep on a farm and use for
牲畜
農場飼養的牛羊豬等動物
creatures like cattle, pigs, and poultry that people keep on a farm and use for their meat, eggs, wool, or milk.
The farmer sold most of his stock at the market before the first frost.
那位農夫在第一次霜降前賣掉了大部分的牲畜。
collocation: sell stock / raise stock
Jiwoo keeps a small stock of goats and chickens on her family's land.
Jiwoo 在她家的土地上養了一小群山羊和雞。
Diseases that spread quickly among farm stock can ruin a year's income.
在農場牲畜間快速傳播的疾病，可能毀掉一整年的收入。
During the drought, Tariro had to sell most of her stock to buy feed.
乾旱期間，Tariro 不得不賣掉大部分牲畜來購買飼料。
The valley's farmers are known for raising quality stock on organic pastures.
這座山谷的農夫以在有機牧場上飼養優質牲畜而聞名。
用法筆記
Often used as a mass noun with no article. Can be modified by adjectives indicating quality (good stock, poor stock) or purpose (beef stock, breeding stock).
常見錯誤
8. the level of trust, respect, or popularity that a person, company, or group enjo
聲望；信譽
某人或組織受信任及喜愛的程度
the level of trust, respect, or popularity that a person, company, or group enjoys among others.
After the scandal, the senator's stock among voters fell sharply.
醜聞發生後，那位參議員在選民當中的聲望急遽下降。
pattern: [person]'s stock + among [group] + rise/fall
Yael's stock at the firm rose after she won the big contract.
Yael 贏得那筆大合約後，她在公司的聲望提升了。
The company's stock with local residents has never been higher than it is now.
那家公司在當地居民當中的信譽從未像現在這麼高。
A manager's stock depends on how fairly they treat their team members.
一位主管的聲望取決於他們對待團隊成員是否公平。
- standing
similar meaning but slightly more formal; often used in academic contexts
- reputation
broader; can apply to any quality while stock specifically measures popularity and trust
用法筆記
Almost always used with a possessive (someone's stock) and a following prepositional phrase indicating among whom. Frequently appears with verbs like rise, fall, go up, go down.
9. the line of ancestors or the family background from which a person, animal, or g
家世；血統
家族背景或祖先來歷
the line of ancestors or the family background from which a person, animal, or group has developed.
Ezra comes from farming stock that has worked this land for generations.
Ezra 出身農家，他的家族世代耕種這片土地。
pattern: [person] comes from [adjective] stock
The museum traced the family's stock back to an eighteenth-century merchant.
博物館追查出這戶家族的血統，可追溯至一位十八世紀的商人。
Nikhil is of Indian stock, though he grew up in Singapore as a child.
Nikhil 雖然在新加坡長大，但他的血統源自印度。
Lara comes from artistic stock — her grandmother was a painter in Paris.
Lara 出身藝術世家——她的祖母是巴黎的畫家。
The dog's stock can be traced to working sheepdogs from the Scottish Highlands.
這隻狗的血統可以追溯到蘇格蘭高地的牧羊犬。
用法筆記
Typically used with a preceding adjective (good stock, farming stock, Irish stock) or in the pattern 'of [adjective] stock'. Also common for animals, especially pedigree animals.
常見錯誤
10. the solid handle or supporting piece of a tool or weapon, particularly the rear
槍托；握柄
工具或槍枝的握持部位
the solid handle or supporting piece of a tool or weapon, particularly the rear section of a long firearm that you rest against your shoulder to aim and fire.
Henry fitted a new wooden stock to his grandfather's old rifle.
Henry 為祖父的舊步槍裝上了新的木製槍托。
pattern: fit/attach a [material] stock to [weapon]
The woodcarver shaped a smooth stock for the hammer handle.
那位木雕師傅為鐵鎚手柄雕刻出光滑的握柄。
Karim pressed the rifle stock firmly against his shoulder before firing.
Karim 在射擊前將步槍槍托緊緊抵在肩膀上。
This shotgun has an oak stock that is over a hundred years old now.
這把霰彈槍的橡木槍托已經有一百多年的歷史了。
The old hammer's wooden stock had cracked from years of heavy use.
舊鐵鎚的木質握柄因多年使用而裂開了。
用法筆記
For guns, stock refers specifically to the rear part held against the body, not the barrel or mechanisms. For other tools (hammers, shovels), stock can mean the whole handle.
常見錯誤
11. a wooden restraint containing openings that lock around the ankles, wrists, or n
足枷；頸手枷
古代懲罰用的木製枷鎖
a wooden restraint containing openings that lock around the ankles, wrists, or neck, used in earlier times to trap lawbreakers in a public location so the community could see them.
The thief was placed in the stocks in the town square for three days.
那個小偷被鎖在廣場的足枷中三天。
passive: be placed in the stocks
In medieval England, being put in the stocks meant public shame and discomfort.
在中世紀的英格蘭，被關進足枷代表公開的羞辱和不適。
The wooden stocks stood outside the courthouse for over two hundred years.
那副木製足枷在法院外矗立了兩百多年。
Visitors to the village museum can see a set of stocks from the seventeen hundreds.
造訪鄉村博物館的遊客可以看到一副十八世紀的足枷。
- pillory
a similar device that held the head and hands specifically
用法筆記
Nearly always used in the plural form 'stocks' even when referring to a single device. The term is historical and rarely used in modern contexts except in museums or historical writing.
常見錯誤
12. a flowering plant grown in gardens that produces tall stems of colourful, sweet-
紫羅蘭
開彩色芳香花朵的觀賞植物
a flowering plant grown in gardens that produces tall stems of colourful, sweet-scented blooms in spring and summer.
The garden was full of pink and purple stocks in early summer.
花園裡在初夏開滿了粉紅色和紫色的紫羅蘭花。
Élise planted a row of sweet-smelling stocks along the front path.
Élise 沿著門前小路種了一排芬芳的紫羅蘭花。
collocation: sweet-smelling stock(s)
Stock flowers are popular in English cottage gardens for their lovely scent.
紫羅蘭花因其宜人的香氣，在英式鄉村花園中很受歡迎。
The florist arranged white stocks with roses for the wedding bouquet.
花藝師為婚禮花束搭配了白色的紫羅蘭花和玫瑰。
Hari bought a pot of stocks from the market to brighten his balcony.
Hari 在市場買了一盆紫羅蘭花來點亮他的陽台。
- gillyflower
an older, less common name for the same flower
用法筆記
'Stock' as a flower can be used as a count noun (a stock, two stocks) or as a plural referring to the plants in general. The Latin genus name is Matthiola.
stock — 形容詞
1. Describing a phrase, idea, plot, or response that people have encountered repeat
陳腐；老套
因使用過多而不再有新意
Describing a phrase, idea, plot, or response that people have encountered repeatedly and that feels dull because it lacks originality.
The film's stock plot sends a city person to the countryside for life lessons.
這部電影的老套情節讓一個都市人搬到鄉下尋找人生道理。
stock + plot — attributive use before a noun
Eitan's campaign speech used stock phrases that failed to excite the audience.
Eitan 的競選演說充滿陳腐的用語，無法引起聽眾的興趣。
stock + phrase — attributive, negative connotation
Reviewers criticised the show for its stock characters who never developed beyond their one-note personalities.
評論家批評這部影集角色老套，從頭到尾都沒有發展。
When asked about the shipping delay, the manager gave a stock answer about unexpected demand.
被問到出貨延遲的原因時，經理給了一個制式回答，說是需求出乎意料地高。
The card shop was full of stock Valentine's Day messages that all sounded alike.
那家卡片店裡充滿了老套的情人節祝福語，聽起來都一個樣。
- hackneyed
Very similar in meaning but can be used predicatively ('the phrase is hackneyed'); slightly more formal than 'stock'.
- clichéd
Emphasises that the expression is overused to the point of being meaningless; more common in arts criticism.
- stereotypical
Focuses on an oversimplified, shared image of a group or situation, not just overuse.
- predictable
Broader — describes anything that can be foreseen, not necessarily overused.
- original
Describes something new and creative, the opposite of a reused formula.
- fresh
Implies novelty and energy that a stock expression lacks.
- innovative
Emphasises new methods or ideas rather than tired repetition.
文法句型
stock + noun (phrase / answer / character / plot)
用法筆記
Only used before a noun in standard writing — 'a stock phrase', 'a stock response'. The tone is mildly critical, suggesting a lack of original thought or effort. Common collocates include 'phrase', 'answer', 'response', 'character', 'plot', and 'joke'.
常見錯誤
2. Describing a photograph, image, or video clip that an agency or library holds re
圖庫的
由圖庫供應、供人付費使用的影像
Describing a photograph, image, or video clip that an agency or library holds ready for customers to license and use, rather than being shot for a specific project.
Kofi used a stock image of a handshake for his team-building presentation.
Kofi 用了一張握手的圖庫照片，放在他關於團隊建立的簡報中。
stock + image — attributive, photography/media domain
The website uses stock photographs instead of paying a professional photographer for original shots.
那個網站使用圖庫照片，而不是花錢請專業攝影師拍攝原創影像。
stock + photograph — attributive, implies generic quality
Darius found a stock picture of a sunrise for his travel blog.
Darius 找到了一張日出的圖庫圖片，要用在旅遊部落格文章中。
You can licence stock footage of city skylines from that library for a small fee.
你可以從那個圖庫以少許費用授權使用城市天際線的影片。
Linh saw the same stock photo of a smiling doctor on three health websites.
Linh 看到同一張微笑醫生的圖庫照片出現在三個健康網站上。
文法句型
stock + photo / image / photograph / footage
用法筆記
Attributive only — say 'a stock photo', not 'the photo is stock'. Opposite of 'custom' or 'bespoke' photography. The word is common in web design, marketing, and publishing contexts.
常見錯誤
3. Describing a product that a shop or supplier currently has available to sell imm
有現貨的
商店裡有存貨可直接購買
Describing a product that a shop or supplier currently has available to sell immediately, without needing to place a special order.
The new video game console is already in stock at most major electronics retailers.
新款遊戲主機已經在大多數大型電子產品零售商有現貨供應。
in stock — predicative after 'be', availability meaning
Tara checked if the winter coats were in stock before driving to the store.
Tara 在開車去商店之前，先確認了冬大衣是否還有現貨。
still in stock — predicative after 'be', with adverb modifier
The hardware store keeps stock paint colours that customers can take home right away.
這家五金行備有常態庫存油漆，顧客可以當場帶回家。
Reuben asked if the blue sofa was in stock and ready for same-day delivery.
Reuben 問藍色沙發是否有現貨，能不能當天配送。
Ayesha found the medicine in stock at the corner pharmacy after two stores had none.
Ayesha 在轉角的藥房找到那款藥有現貨，另外兩家都沒有。
- out of stock
The direct opposite — the product is not currently available for purchase.
- sold out
Emphasises that all items have been bought, rather than simply being unavailable.
- unavailable
Generic opposite covering any reason the product cannot be bought.
文法句型
be + in stock
keep + in stock
stock + item / size / colour
用法筆記
Predicative 'in stock' is far more common than the attributive use ('stock item'). When used predicatively, it often pairs with adverbs like 'still', 'currently', 'now'. The opposite is 'out of stock' (not available). In American English, 'in stock' is used for both physical shops and online stores.
常見錯誤
4. Describing a dog, horse, or other animal that is bred and trained to herd, move,
牧用的
受過訓練用於驅趕牲畜的動物
Describing a dog, horse, or other animal that is bred and trained to herd, move, or manage groups of livestock such as sheep, cattle, or goats.
The farmer trained his border collie to work as a stock dog for herding sheep.
農夫訓練他的邊境牧羊犬成為牧用犬，專門負責趕羊。
stock dog — attributive, farming domain
Andrei bought a young stock horse from a Montana ranch to help round up cattle.
Andrei 從蒙大拿州的牧場買了一匹年輕的牧用馬，用來幫忙趕牛。
stock horse — attributive before a noun
Stock dogs must be quick and calm when separating cows from the herd for checks.
牧用犬必須動作敏捷且保持冷靜，才能將牛隻從牛群中分開進行檢查。
The ranch keeps several stock animals for the yearly mustering of cattle across the valley.
這座牧場養了幾頭牧用動物，用來在每年春季將牛群從山谷各處集中起來。
Kenji's sheepdog won first place in the stock dog trial at the county fair.
Kenji 的牧羊犬在縣級博覽會的牧用犬比賽中獲得第一名。
文法句型
stock + dog / horse / animal
用法筆記
Attributive only — say 'a stock dog', not 'the dog is stock'. Common in agricultural, ranching, and competitive herding contexts. A 'stock dog' is specifically a working animal, not a pet; the term implies training for practical farm tasks.