reserve
/rɪˈzɜːv/ (bre, ipa) · /rɪˈzɝːv/ (ame, ipa) · /ri-ˈzərv/ (ame, mw) · /rɪˈzɜːrv/ (ame, ipa)
reserve — 動詞
- reservepresent simple I / you / we / they
- reserves3rd person singular
- reserving-ing form
- reservedpast simple
1. to deliberately hold something back so that it stays available for a later momen
保留；留作
把某物留下，供日後或特定用途使用
to deliberately hold something back so that it stays available for a later moment, a specific purpose, or a particular person — for example, saving the last slice of cake for your brother, or keeping the right to leave a meeting whenever you want.
Yael reserved the front row of seats for the players' families.
Yael 把前排座位保留給球員的家屬。
reserve + object + for + people
Please reserve some milk for the morning coffee.
請留一些牛奶給早上泡咖啡用。
reserve + portion + for + purpose
The judge reserved the right to reopen the case if new evidence appeared.
法官保留了在出現新證據時重啟此案的權利。
Imran always reserves his sharpest jokes for the end of his stand-up show.
Imran 總是把最犀利的笑話留到單口秀的最後才講。
The back garden was reserved for the children to play in safely.
後院被留作小朋友安全玩耍的地方。
文法句型
reserve + object + for + noun/purpose
reserve + the right + to-infinitive
用法筆記
Subject is usually a person or institution that controls the resource. Frequently followed by 'for' to name the beneficiary or purpose. The fixed phrase 'reserve the right to do something' is common in legal and formal contexts; distinguish from sense 2, which is about booking a specific item like a seat or table.
常見錯誤
2. to ask a restaurant, hotel, airline, or similar business to keep a seat, table,
預訂；預約
事先向商家訂下座位、房間或票券
to ask a restaurant, hotel, airline, or similar business to keep a seat, table, room, or ticket available for you on a chosen date, so that nobody else can take it.
Nellie reserved a window table at the Italian restaurant for Friday night.
Nellie 預訂了那家義式餐廳週五晚上的窗邊位子。
reserve + table + for + day
Karim phoned the cinema to reserve four tickets for the late show.
Karim 打電話到電影院預訂了四張晚場的票。
reserve + tickets + for + event
On the phone, Beatriz asked the hotel clerk to reserve a double room for two nights.
Beatriz 在電話中請飯店櫃檯人員預訂一間雙人房，住兩個晚上。
Antonia reserved seats on the morning train to Kyoto a month in advance.
Antonia 提前一個月預訂了前往京都的早班火車座位。
The library lets students reserve study rooms online up to a week ahead.
圖書館讓學生最多可以提早一週在線上預約自習室。
- cancel
undo a booking that has already been made
文法句型
reserve + a seat/table/room
reserve + object + for + person
用法筆記
Object is typically a countable, scheduled resource: a seat, table, room, ticket, or court. In American English, 'make a reservation' is often used in conversation, while 'reserve' sounds slightly more formal. Distinguish from sense 1: this sense always involves arranging with a provider, not simply holding something back yourself.
常見錯誤
reserve — 名詞
- reservesingular
- reservesplural
1. a quiet, controlled way of behaving in which a person keeps personal feelings, o
矜持；含蓄
不輕易表露感受的個性
a quiet, controlled way of behaving in which a person keeps personal feelings, opinions, or thoughts private rather than sharing them openly with others.
Christopher spoke with great reserve about his time in the army.
Christopher 談起他在軍中的日子時相當含蓄。
with + reserve (manner phrase)
Renata's natural reserve made it hard for new colleagues to know her.
Renata 天生矜持，新同事很難真正認識她。
possessive + natural reserve
Over dinner, Apinya finally dropped her reserve and laughed at the silly jokes.
晚餐時 Apinya 終於放下矜持，被那些蠢笑話逗得大笑。
The young pianist played without reserve, pouring all her feelings into the music.
那位年輕鋼琴家演奏時毫不含蓄，把所有情感都注入音樂裡。
文法句型
with reserve
without reserve
用法筆記
Almost always uncountable and singular; takes possessive determiners ('his reserve', 'her reserve'). Distinguish from sense 9 (doubt about something) — this sense is a stable personality trait, not a reaction to a particular thing.
常見錯誤
2. an amount of something useful — for example food, water, fuel, or even physical
儲備；存量
為日後使用而存下的數量
an amount of something useful — for example food, water, fuel, or even physical strength — that a person or country stores now and keeps untouched until a later situation calls for it.
The hikers had small reserves of water for the second day on the mountain.
登山客身上的水儲備只剩少量，要靠它撐過上山的第二天。
reserves of + uncountable noun
By the third lap, Tamar drew on her last reserves of strength to finish the race.
跑到第三圈時，Tamar 拿出最後的體力儲備衝過終點。
draw on reserves of (use up)
Norway's oil reserves are among the largest in Europe.
挪威的石油儲量是歐洲數一數二的。
We always keep a reserve of candles in the cupboard for power cuts.
我們家櫃子裡總是備著一些蠟燭，以防停電。
After the long winter, the village's grain reserves were almost gone.
漫長的冬天過後，村裡的穀物儲備幾乎見底。
- shortage
lack rather than saved supply
文法句型
reserves of + noun
in reserve
用法筆記
Frequently plural ('reserves of energy', 'oil reserves'). Often the object of verbs like 'have', 'keep', 'build up', 'draw on', and 'use up'. Distinguish from sense 3 — sense 2 is the supply itself; sense 3 narrows to financial resources held back for emergencies.
常見錯誤
3. cash, gold, or fuel that a company, bank, or country deliberately holds back fro
準備金
預留以應急的資金或燃料
cash, gold, or fuel that a company, bank, or country deliberately holds back from daily spending, so the funds stand ready to pay debts or to handle a sudden crisis.
Quinn's small bookshop survived the recession because of its cash reserves.
Quinn 那家小書店能撐過經濟衰退，靠的是現金準備金。
cash reserves (financial collocation)
Japan holds huge foreign currency reserves to protect the yen.
日本握有龐大的外匯存底，以保護日圓。
foreign currency / foreign exchange reserves
The central bank tapped its gold reserves to steady the falling currency.
央行動用黃金儲備來穩住下跌的貨幣。
After the storm, the city had no fuel reserves left for the generators.
風暴過後，整座城市連發電機要用的燃油儲備都沒了。
- debt
money owed rather than held
文法句型
[financial body] + reserves
in reserve
用法筆記
Almost always plural and almost always preceded by a specifying noun: 'cash reserves', 'foreign currency reserves', 'gold reserves', 'fuel reserves'. Distinguish from sense 2 — sense 3 is specifically liquid financial or fuel resources held for emergencies, not just any saved supply.
常見錯誤
4. an area of countryside that the government or an organisation has fenced off and
保護區
保護動植物的圈地
an area of countryside that the government or an organisation has fenced off and keeps wild, so animals, birds, and plants can live there safely instead of being pushed out by farms or cities.
Ayesha photographed three rhinos at a game reserve in Kenya.
Ayesha 在肯亞的一處野生動物保護區拍到三隻犀牛。
game reserve (collocation)
Volunteers plant young oak trees on the nature reserve every spring.
義工們每年春天都會在自然保護區裡種小橡樹。
nature reserve (most common collocation)
Selim works as a ranger on a wildlife reserve outside Istanbul.
Selim 在伊斯坦堡郊外的野生動物保護區當管理員。
The new road will cut through the eastern edge of the bird reserve.
新的道路將從鳥類保護區的東緣穿過去。
文法句型
nature reserve
wildlife reserve
game reserve
用法筆記
Countable; usually appears with a modifier showing what is protected: 'nature reserve', 'wildlife reserve', 'game reserve', 'bird reserve', 'marine reserve'. Use the preposition 'on' or 'at' for a reserve as a place.
常見錯誤
5. in Canada, a defined area of land that the federal government has set apart for
原住民保留地
加拿大政府劃給第一民族的土地
in Canada, a defined area of land that the federal government has set apart for one specific First Nations community to live on and govern under treaty.
Chidi spent the summer teaching at a school on the reserve north of Winnipeg.
Chidi 整個夏天都在 Winnipeg 北邊保留地上的學校教書。
on the reserve (preposition use)
Many young people leave the reserve for university but return to teach.
許多年輕人離開保留地去念大學，但會回來教書。
leave / return to the reserve
The reserve voted to build its own water treatment plant after years of warnings.
在多年警告之後，保留地表決自己蓋一座淨水廠。
Ryo joined a documentary crew filming life on a small Cree reserve in Saskatchewan.
Ryo 加入紀錄片團隊，在 Saskatchewan 一個小型 Cree 保留地拍攝生活。
- reservation
American English term for the same kind of area
文法句型
on a reserve
the reserve
用法筆記
Canadian English. Used with the preposition 'on' rather than 'in': 'on the reserve', 'on a reserve'. The American English equivalent is 'reservation'. Capitalise when part of an official name (e.g. 'Six Nations Reserve').
常見錯誤
6. a sports player who waits on the bench during a match and only goes onto the fie
替補球員
場邊待命隨時上場的球員
a sports player who waits on the bench during a match and only goes onto the field if a teammate gets hurt or starts to play badly.
Michael started the season as a reserve and ended up captain by April.
Michael 球季開打時是替補，到四月已經當上隊長。
as a reserve (role)
Two reserves warmed up along the touchline during the second half.
下半場有兩位替補在邊線熱身。
plural: reserves on the bench
The coach brought on a reserve after the striker twisted his ankle.
前鋒扭到腳之後，教練派一名替補上場。
Ari is the reserve goalkeeper for the under-18 team this year.
Ari 今年是 18 歲以下球隊的替補守門員。
- substitute
general term; covers any sport, more common in American English
- backup
informal; emphasises being ready to step in
- bench player
informal; describes anyone who normally sits on the bench
- starter
a player picked for the opening line-up
文法句型
a reserve
as a reserve
the reserve goalkeeper
用法筆記
Countable. Common British English term in football, rugby, and cricket; American English usually says 'substitute' or 'backup'. Often modifies a position word: 'reserve goalkeeper', 'reserve striker'.
常見錯誤
7. in football, the squad of players ranked just below a club's main side, who play
預備隊；二軍
足球俱樂部主力隊以下的二軍隊伍
in football, the squad of players ranked just below a club's main side, who play matches in their own league against the second-string sides of other clubs.
Tomás was dropped from the senior squad and sent to play for the reserves on Saturday.
Tomás 被踢出一軍名單，週六改去替預備隊出賽。
play for the reserves
After two strong games for the reserves, Hassan earned a place on the first-team bench.
在預備隊踢出兩場好球後，Hassan 爭到一軍替補席的位置。
for the reserves
The reserves drew nil-nil with Liverpool at a quiet training-ground stadium on Tuesday afternoon.
預備隊週二下午在安靜的訓練場球場跟利物浦踢成零比零。
Young academy graduates usually spend a season with the reserves before moving up to the main team.
年輕的青訓球員通常會先在預備隊待一個球季，再升上一軍。
- second team
more transparent everyday phrase
- reserve team
fuller form, often used in club names
- first team
the senior, top-level squad
文法句型
the reserves
play for the reserves
用法筆記
Almost always plural with 'the' (the reserves). Distinguish from sense 6 (an individual substitute player); this sense names the whole second-string team.
常見錯誤
8. soldiers, sailors, or pilots who are not on full-time duty in a country's armed
後備部隊
戰時或緊急狀態才動員的非常備兵力
soldiers, sailors, or pilots who are not on full-time duty in a country's armed forces but who can be brought in to fight or help during a war or other emergency.
Esme served eight years in the army reserves before training as a paramedic.
Esme 在陸軍後備部隊服役了八年，之後才去受訓當救護員。
in the army reserves
The president called up the reserves after fighting broke out near the northern border.
北部邊境爆發戰事後，總統下令動員後備部隊。
call up the reserves
Members of the naval reserves report to base one weekend each month for training.
海軍後備部隊的成員每個月有一個週末要回基地受訓。
Joaquín joined the reserves so he could keep his civilian job and still serve his country.
Joaquín 加入後備部隊，這樣他可以保住平民工作，又能為國家服役。
- reservists
the individual soldiers themselves
- auxiliary forces
broader, more formal term
- the National Guard
American equivalent at state level
- regular forces
full-time professional military
- active duty
currently serving full-time
文法句型
the reserves
in the reserves
call up the reserves
用法筆記
Frequently plural ('the reserves') and modified by a service name ('army/naval/air-force reserves'). The verb 'call up' is the standard collocation for activating them.
常見錯誤
9. a feeling that holds you back from fully agreeing with, trusting, or approving o
保留；疑慮
對某人事物心存懷疑而無法全然贊同的感覺
a feeling that holds you back from fully agreeing with, trusting, or approving of someone or something, because part of you is unsure it is wise.
Rania accepted the job offer without reserve, certain it was the right move for her family.
Rania 毫無保留地接下這份工作，深信對家人來說是最好的選擇。
without reserve
The committee approved the plan with some reserve, asking for a progress report in six months.
委員會帶著一些保留通過了該方案，要求半年後提交進度報告。
with some reserve
Despite a glowing résumé, the auditors still expressed reserve about the company's financial reports.
儘管履歷亮眼，稽核人員對該公司的財務報告仍然表達了疑慮。
Lakan voiced his reserve about lending the money, worried his cousin would not pay it back.
Lakan 對借這筆錢說出了他的疑慮，擔心表哥不會還。
- reservation
near-synonym, more common in plural ('reservations about')
- hesitation
focus on pausing before acting
- misgiving
stronger, suggests an uneasy feeling something will go wrong
- enthusiasm
eager, unqualified support
- wholehearted approval
agreement with no doubts attached
文法句型
have reservations about
without reserve
with some reserve
用法筆記
Often appears in fixed phrases 'without reserve' (= wholeheartedly) and 'with some reserve' (= cautiously). Distinct from sense 1 (the personality trait of being quiet); this is doubt about a specific decision or claim.
常見錯誤
10. the smallest sum of money a seller is prepared to take for an item, especially o
底價
拍賣品最低願意成交的價格
the smallest sum of money a seller is prepared to take for an item, especially one going under the hammer; if no bid reaches this figure, the lot stays unsold.
Ingrid set a reserve of two thousand euros on her grandmother's antique writing desk.
Ingrid 為奶奶的古董書桌設了兩千歐元的底價。
set a reserve of [amount]
Bidding stopped at eight hundred pounds, well below the reserve, so the painting did not sell.
競標停在八百英鎊，遠低於底價，那幅畫因此流標。
below the reserve
Christopher's bid finally met the reserve, and the auctioneer brought down the hammer at fifteen thousand dollars.
Christopher 出的價終於達到底價，拍賣官以一萬五千美元落槌成交。
Jessica listed the vintage motorbike online with no reserve, hoping a bidding war would push the price up.
Jessica 把那台老機車掛上網拍，沒設底價，希望競標戰能把價格往上推。
- reserve price
the full unambiguous term, common in formal listings
- minimum bid
everyday paraphrase, especially in online auctions
- floor price
broader business term, not limited to auctions
- no reserve
auction listing where any winning bid is accepted
文法句型
set a reserve
meet the reserve
below the reserve
用法筆記
Often appears as the fuller form 'reserve price'. Key collocations are 'set a reserve', 'meet/reach the reserve', and the auction-listing phrase 'no reserve' (= seller will accept any winning bid).