systemic
/sɪˈstiːmɪk/ (bre, ipa) · [sɪstˈɛmɪk] /sɪˈstemɪk/ (ame, ipa) · [sɪstˈɛmɪk] /si-ˈste-mik How to pronounce systemic (audio)/ (ame, mw)
systemic — 形容詞
- systemicpositive
- more systemiccomparative
- most systemicsuperlative
1. present throughout an organization, institution, or society, so the cause comes
體制性
牽涉整個制度或運作方式
present throughout an organization, institution, or society, so the cause comes from how the whole setup works rather than from one small part.
The report found systemic bias in the bank's loan approval process.
報告發現這家銀行的貸款審核流程存在體制性偏見。
systemic bias: built into the whole process
Teachers said overcrowded classes were a systemic problem, not a temporary one.
老師們說，班級過度擁擠是體制性問題，不是暫時現象。
be systemic: describing a problem across the whole system
Renata warned that low pay was a systemic issue across public hospitals.
Renata 警告說，低薪是公立醫院普遍存在的體制性問題。
Fixing one office will not solve the company's systemic communication failures.
只修好一個辦公室，無法解決公司系統性的溝通失靈。
The judge said the housing shortage reflected systemic failures in local planning.
法官表示，住房短缺反映出地方規劃中的體制性失靈。
- structural
focuses more on how parts are arranged, while 'systemic' stresses that the effect runs through the whole system
- widespread
means happening in many places, but does not itself show that the system causes it
- institutional
usually narrower, referring to the habits or rules of one organization
文法句型
systemic + noun
be systemic
用法筆記
Often modifies nouns such as problem, bias, failure, risk, and change. It points to something built into the way a whole system works, unlike a local problem that can be fixed in one place.
常見錯誤
2. spreading through an entire body or whole plant instead of staying in one area.
全身性
影響整個身體或整株植物
spreading through an entire body or whole plant instead of staying in one area.
The doctor chose a systemic treatment because the infection had already spread.
醫師因為感染已經擴散，所以選擇全身性治療。
systemic treatment: medicine for the whole body
Theo developed a systemic reaction after taking the new antibiotic tablets.
Theo 服下新抗生素後出現了全身性反應。
systemic reaction: affecting the whole body
Vets watched the puppy closely for signs of systemic poisoning overnight.
獸醫整夜密切觀察那隻小狗是否出現全身性中毒的跡象。
The fungus became systemic, so brown marks appeared on every leaf.
那種真菌已經變成全株性感染，所以每片葉子都出現褐斑。
Bilal needed hospital care when the infection turned into a systemic illness.
Bilal 的感染變成全身性疾病後，需要住院治療。
- generalized
common in medical writing for something spread through the body, though less often used for treatments
- body-wide
plain English description rather than a technical term
- whole-body
mainly used before another noun, such as 'whole-body scan'
文法句型
systemic + noun
be systemic
用法筆記
Most often used in medical, veterinary, or plant-care contexts. It describes something that moves through the whole body or organism, not a condition limited to one spot on the skin or one leaf.
常見錯誤
systemic — 名詞
1. a pest-killing chemical that enters a plant or animal and then moves through the
內吸農藥
會進入全株並毒殺害蟲的農藥
a pest-killing chemical that enters a plant or animal and then moves through the whole body, making pests sick when they feed on it.
Farmers used a systemic on the orange trees before aphids covered the leaves.
農民在蚜蟲爬滿葉子前，就先在柳橙樹上使用了內吸農藥。
a systemic: short for a systemic pesticide
The label warned that the systemic should not be sprayed near the pond.
標籤警告，這種內吸農藥不應噴灑在池塘附近。
Anya mixed the systemic with water and poured it around each rose bush.
Anya 把內吸農藥加水稀釋，倒在每株玫瑰叢旁邊。
The nursery stopped selling that systemic after customers asked for safer options.
那家苗圃在顧客要求更安全的選項後，停止販售那款內吸農藥。
- systemic pesticide
the full form; clearer for readers outside farming or gardening
- systemic insecticide
narrower, used when the target pests are insects rather than pests in general
- soil drench
describes one method of applying a systemic, not the chemical itself
- contact spray
kills pests on the surface instead of moving through the plant
文法句型
a systemic
use/apply a systemic
用法筆記
Usually countable in agriculture and gardening. In specialist speech, people often shorten 'systemic pesticide' to simply 'systemic'.