temper
/ˈtempə(r)/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈtempər/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈtem-pər/ (ame, mw) · /ˈtem.pər/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈtem.pɚ/ (ame, ipa)
temper — 名詞
- tempersingular
- tempersplural
1. A part of someone's personality that makes them likely to get angry easily and w
脾氣；性情
容易生氣的性格傾向
A part of someone's personality that makes them likely to get angry easily and without a good reason.
My old history teacher had quite a temper, often shouting at students for minor mistakes.
我以前的歷史老師脾氣很大，常為小錯對學生大吼大叫。
had quite a temper
Be careful around the new boss; I've heard he has a very bad temper.
在新老闆身邊要小心點；我聽說他的脾氣很壞。
has a very bad temper
Her quick temper meant that holiday dinners with her brother often ended in shouting matches.
她急躁的脾氣使得她和哥哥的節日聚餐常常以吵架收場。
The office manager's short temper meant that everyone tried to avoid her on Monday mornings.
辦公室經理的脾氣很暴躁，大家週一早上都盡量避開她。
Despite his fiery temper, Rania was a loyal friend who would help anyone in need.
儘管Rania脾氣火爆，她卻是個忠誠的朋友，願意幫助任何有需要的人。
- irritability
more formal and can sound clinical, suggesting a state of being easily annoyed.
- hot-headedness
informal and emphasizes acting quickly and angrily without thinking.
- irascibility
very formal and literary, describing a disposition of being easily provoked to anger.
文法句型
have a temper
a bad/quick/short temper
用法筆記
This sense refers to a person's general personality trait, not a single instance of anger. It's often modified by adjectives like 'bad', 'quick', 'short', or 'fiery'.
常見錯誤
Using 'a temper' to mean a single outburst, which should be 'lost his temper' or 'a fit of temper' (sense 2).
2. An occasion when someone shows they are angry in a way that is difficult to cont
發脾氣
無法控制的憤怒表現
An occasion when someone shows they are angry in a way that is difficult to control.
After the airline lost his luggage for the third time, the traveler finally lost his temper.
在航空公司第三次弄丟他的行李後，這位旅客終於發脾氣了。
lost his temper
The toddler had a terrible fit of temper in the supermarket over a box of cereal.
那個幼童為了ㄧ盒麥片在超市裡大發脾氣。
fit of temper
Nikos slammed the door in a fit of temper when he heard the unfortunate news.
Nikos 聽到那個不幸的消息時，一氣之下用力甩門。
When the referee made that call, the coach completely lost his temper and threw his clipboard.
裁判做出那個判決時，教練完全發了脾氣，把戰術板摔在地上。
A brief fit of temper in front of clients cost Mauricio a promotion he had worked toward for years.
在客戶面前短暫發了一次脾氣，讓 Mauricio 失去了他努力多年爭取的晉升機會。
- tantrum
often used for children's outbursts, but can be used informally for adults.
- outburst
more general, referring to any sudden expression of strong emotion, not just anger.
- fit of rage
stronger and more intense than 'temper', suggesting a violent or uncontrollable anger.
文法句型
lose one's temper
a fit of temper
用法筆記
This sense describes a specific event of uncontrolled anger. It's almost always used in set phrases like 'lose one's temper' or 'in a fit of temper'.
常見錯誤
Saying 'he has a lost temper' instead of 'he lost his temper'.
3. A period when someone is visibly angry, often shown through their attitude or ho
在氣頭上
一段時間處於生氣的狀態
A period when someone is visibly angry, often shown through their attitude or how they behave toward others.
My brother has been in a temper all morning because his computer won't turn on.
我哥哥一整個早上都在氣頭上，因為他的電腦打不開。
in a temper
The chef was in a terrible temper after the new waiter dropped a tray of dishes.
新來的服務生打翻一整盤菜後，主廚一直處在氣頭上。
in a terrible temper
Hana locked herself in her room because she was in a temper about her exam results.
她因為考試成績而鬧脾氣，把自己鎖在房間裡。
The taxi driver was in a foul temper after sitting in traffic for over two hours.
計程車司機塞了兩個多小時的車後，火氣非常大。
After his sister deleted his game, Mateo was in a terrible temper and refused to come to dinner.
妹妹刪掉他的遊戲後，Mateo 氣得不得了，連晚餐都不肯下來吃。
文法句型
be in a temper
用法筆記
The phrase 'in a temper' describes the temporary state of being angry, often visibly so.
4. A person's particular mood or state of mind at a certain time.
情緒；心情
某個時間點的情緒狀態
A person's particular mood or state of mind at a certain time.
When the head nurse was in a bad temper, the junior staff quietly stayed out of her way.
當護理長心情不好的時候，資淺的護理人員會默默地避開她。
in a bad temper
The librarian was in a good temper that morning, humming softly as she sorted the returned books.
那位圖書館員那天早上心情很好，一邊整理歸還的書一邊輕輕哼著歌。
in a good temper
Tamar arrived at the party in a much better temper after taking a long walk.
Tamar 走了很長一段路後心情好多了，抵達派對時顯得很愉快。
The committee found the chairman in a foul temper and decided to postpone the vote.
委員會發現主席情緒很差，於是決定延後投票。
People of an even temper tend to make excellent air traffic controllers, staying calm during emergencies.
性情平穩的人往往能成為優秀的航管員，在緊急狀況中保持冷靜。
- mood
the most common word for a temporary emotional state.
- disposition
refers to a more permanent or typical personality trait, not a temporary state.
- humor
slightly old-fashioned when used this way (e.g., 'in a bad humor').
文法句型
in a good/bad temper
of an even temper
用法筆記
This formal sense describes a person's mood. It's usually preceded by an adjective like 'good', 'bad', 'foul', or 'even'.
5. The ability to remain calm and not become angry, especially in a difficult situa
冷靜；自制
在困境中保持冷靜的能力
The ability to remain calm and not become angry, especially in a difficult situation.
Despite the constant interruptions from his children, he managed to keep his temper during the meeting.
儘管孩子們不斷打擾，他在會議期間還是設法保持冷靜。
keep his temper
During the championship game, Coach Asher somehow kept his temper even after the referee made several bad calls.
冠軍賽中，Asher 教練在裁判多次做出不利判決後，仍設法保持了冷靜。
kept his temper
Heloísa showed great professionalism and kept her temper when the client unfairly criticized her hard work.
當客戶不公平地批評她的辛勤工作時，她展現了極大的專業精神並保持冷靜。
Keeping one's temper when a customer yells at you for a mistake you did not make is hard but important.
當顧客因為並非你犯的錯而對你大吼時，保持冷靜雖然困難卻很重要。
The nurse struggled to keep her temper when the impatient patient yelled at her repeatedly.
當不耐煩的病人反覆對她大吼時，那名護士努力保持冷靜。
- composure
emphasizes calmness and control over one's feelings in a difficult situation.
- self-control
highlights the act of actively restraining one's emotions or actions.
- equanimity
a formal word for mental calmness, especially under pressure.
文法句型
keep one's temper
用法筆記
This sense is almost exclusively used in the phrase 'keep one's temper', meaning to stay calm.
temper — 動詞
- temperpresent simple I / you / we / they
- tempers3rd person singular
- tempering-ing form
- temperedpast simple
1. To make a quality, feeling, or statement less extreme by adding something that h
緩和；調和
用相反事物來緩和、減輕
To make a quality, feeling, or statement less extreme by adding something that has an opposite effect.
The president's optimistic speech about the economy was tempered with a warning about rising inflation.
總統對經濟的樂觀演說中，也帶有對通膨升溫的警告來緩和氣氛。
tempered with a warning
Adaeze learned to temper her direct criticism with kind words to avoid hurting people's feelings.
她學會用溫和的言詞來緩和她直接的批評，以避免傷害別人的感情。
temper ... with
His excitement for the new project was tempered by the stark reality of its limited budget.
他對新專案的興奮之情，因其有限預算的嚴峻現實而打了折扣。
The judge tempered her strict ruling with sympathy for the young offender's difficult family background.
法官用對年輕犯人不幸家庭背景的同情，來緩和她嚴格的判決。
Kian tried to temper his son's disappointment with gentle encouragement after he lost the school election.
Kian 在兒子落選後，試圖用溫柔的鼓勵來緩和兒子的失落感。
文法句型
temper something with something
用法筆記
This formal verb is often used to describe balancing a strong quality or emotion with a contrasting one, using the structure 'temper A with B'.
2. To make a metal harder and stronger by heating it to a high temperature and then
回火處理
加熱後冷卻使金屬變硬
To make a metal harder and stronger by heating it to a high temperature and then cooling it.
The blacksmith began to temper the steel blade by heating it until it glowed bright red.
鐵匠開始為鋼刀進行回火，將其加熱至發出亮紅色光芒。
temper the steel
Ancient Japanese swordsmiths knew how to temper the steel to create incredibly sharp katana blades.
古代日本刀匠知道如何為鋼材回火以打造出極其鋒利的武士刀。
temper the steel
The machinist tempered the steel drill bits by heating them in a furnace for several hours.
機械師將鋼製鑽頭放入熔爐中加熱數小時，以進行回火處理。
The master swordsman carefully tempered the blade by plunging it into cold water.
那位刀匠大師小心地將刀片淬火，將其浸入冷水中。
- harden
a more general term for making something hard.
- strengthen
focuses on the result of making the metal more durable.
文法句型
temper + noun (metal)
用法筆記
This is a technical term used in metallurgy and blacksmithing.
3. To treat glass, clay, or another material by heating or mixing it with something
改變性質
透過加工改變物質的性質
To treat glass, clay, or another material by heating or mixing it with something so that it becomes stronger or more suitable.
Glassmakers temper the glass by cooling it rapidly, which makes it much more resistant to shattering.
玻璃製造商藉由快速冷卻來強化玻璃，使其更不易碎裂。
temper the glass
Early potters would temper their clay with sand or crushed shells to improve its firing strength.
早期的陶工會用沙子或碎貝殼來調和黏土以提高其燒製強度。
temper their clay
The factory tempers the rubber by mixing sulfur into it before baking it in a hot oven.
工廠將硫磺混入橡膠中，然後在高溫烤箱中烘烤，以改變橡膠的性質。
Tempering the clay with fine sand helped the potter create more durable ceramic bowls.
用細沙調和黏土，幫助陶匠製作出更耐用的陶瓷碗。
文法句型
temper + noun (substance)
用法筆記
This is a technical term for altering a substance's physical properties through a specific process.
4. To carefully heat and cool melted chocolate so that it becomes hard, smooth, and
調溫巧克力
加熱冷卻巧克力使其光滑
To carefully heat and cool melted chocolate so that it becomes hard, smooth, and shiny when it sets.
A professional pastry chef must know how to properly temper chocolate for a glossy, smooth finish.
專業的糕點師必須知道如何正確地為巧克力調溫，以做出光亮平滑的成品。
temper chocolate
Eleni watched a video to learn how to temper the white chocolate for her birthday cake.
Eleni 觀看影片學習如何為白巧克力調溫，以製作她的生日蛋糕。
temper the white chocolate
The contestant carefully began to temper the dark chocolate for the final dessert competition round.
參賽者小心翼翼地開始為黑巧克力調溫，以用於最後的甜點競賽回合。
After tempering the white chocolate, Hugo dipped fresh strawberries into the smooth coating.
將白巧克力調溫後，Hugo 把新鮮草莓蘸進順滑的巧克力裡。
文法句型
temper chocolate
用法筆記
This is a specific term in cooking and confectionery for preparing chocolate.
5. In cooking, to briefly fry spices in hot oil or fat to bring out their flavors a
爆香香料
在熱油中炒香料以釋放味道
In cooking, to briefly fry spices in hot oil or fat to bring out their flavors and aromas.
The chef began the curry by tempering whole spices in hot ghee to release their aromas.
廚師開始做咖哩的第一步，是在熱酥油中爆香整粒的香料以釋放其香氣。
tempering whole spices
In Indian cooking, you often temper spices like cumin and mustard seeds at the beginning.
在印度料理中，你通常會在一開始就用熱油爆香孜然和芥末籽等香料。
temper spices
Aunt Hana showed me how to temper the spices separately and pour them over the finished lentils.
Hana 阿姨向我展示如何單獨爆香香料，然後淋在煮好的扁豆上。
For the lentil stew, temper mustard seeds and curry leaves in hot coconut oil.
做扁豆湯時，用熱椰子油爆香芥末籽和咖哩葉。
文法句型
temper spices
用法筆記
This term is specific to cooking, particularly in South Asian cuisine, where it's also known as 'tarka' or 'tadka'.