bad
bad — 名詞
1. all the unpleasant, harmful, or morally wrong things that exist in life or that
壞事
不好的事物或事件
all the unpleasant, harmful, or morally wrong things that exist in life or that people do — the opposite of 'the good'
Dario learned that life has both good and bad, and you must accept both.
Dario 學到人生有好有壞，你必須兩者都接受。
the good and the bad — paired opposites
The charity works to reduce the bad that poverty brings to children in Taipei.
這家慈善機構致力於減少貧窮為台北兒童帶來的壞事。
When Yael signed the rental agreement, she accepted the good with the bad.
Yael 簽租約時，好壞兩面都接受了。
Kenji's grandfather said the bad in people's hearts can be changed by kindness.
Kenji 的祖父說，人心中的壞事可以因善意而改變。
Madison tried to focus on the good instead of the bad after her surgery.
Madison 在手術後試著專注於好的方面，而不是壞事。
- good
the direct opposite — positive, beneficial, or morally right things
文法句型
the + bad
the good and the bad
用法筆記
Always used with 'the' as an uncountable mass noun. Cannot be used with 'a' or in plural form ('bads').
常見錯誤
bad — 形容詞
1. describing something that makes you feel unhappy, upset, or annoyed
糟糕的
令人不愉快或感到難過的
describing something that makes you feel unhappy, upset, or annoyed
The weather turned bad, so the school closed the playground for the day.
天氣變得很糟糕，所以學校關閉了遊樂場一天。
collocation: bad weather / bad news / bad smell
Rania had a bad day at work after her computer broke down.
Rania 的電腦壞了，她在公司度過了糟糕的一天。
There is a bad smell coming from the old refrigerator in the kitchen.
廚房舊冰箱傳來一股難聞的氣味。
Jason heard some bad news about his cousin's car accident.
Jason 聽到一個關於他表哥車禍的壞消息。
The service at that hotel was so bad that Ziad asked for a refund.
那間旅館的服務太差了，Ziad 要求退款。
- unpleasant
more formal and less common in everyday speech
- terrible
stronger degree of unpleasantness
- awful
similar strength to 'terrible', very common in conversation
- good
general opposite of unpleasant
用法筆記
Often used in weather forecasts, reports of news, and descriptions of experiences or conditions.
常見錯誤
2. not made or done well enough; below the standard you expect
品質差
品質低劣或未達標準的
not made or done well enough; below the standard you expect
The film was so bad that Manuela fell asleep halfway through.
那部電影太爛了，Manuela 看到一半就睡著了。
collocation: bad film / bad food / bad grade
Lakshmi bought a cheap watch, but the quality was too bad to use.
Lakshmi 買了一隻便宜手錶，但品質不好到無法使用。
The food at the new café tasted bad and was not cooked properly.
新咖啡館的食物吃起來很糟，而且沒煮熟。
Hassan received a bad grade on his essay because of spelling mistakes.
Hassan 的作文因為拼寫錯誤只拿到很差的分數。
3. showing little skill or producing poor results in a particular area or activity
差勁的
無法做好某事或表現不佳
showing little skill or producing poor results in a particular area or activity
Tanvi is a bad cook, so her family orders takeout most nights.
Tanvi 不擅長做飯，所以她家大部分晚上都叫外送。
pattern: be bad at [activity] or be a bad [agent noun]
Dario is really bad with directions and gets lost very easily.
Dario 很不擅長認路，非常容易迷路。
The team had a bad season and lost twelve games in a row.
這支球隊表現很差，連續輸了十二場比賽。
Christopher was a bad student who never handed in homework on time.
Christopher 是個差勁的學生，從來不按時交作業。
文法句型
be bad at [something]
be bad with [something]
用法筆記
Followed by 'at' for skills (bad at maths) or 'with' for tools and abstract things (bad with money, bad with names).
常見錯誤
4. very serious in degree or effect, often causing significant difficulty or harm
嚴重的
程度或影響非常嚴重的
very serious in degree or effect, often causing significant difficulty or harm
The storm caused bad damage to dozens of houses along the coast.
暴風雨對沿海數十棟房屋造成嚴重破壞。
collocation: bad damage / bad cough / bad traffic jam
Nellie had such a bad cough that she could not sleep at night.
Nellie 咳嗽咳得很厲害，晚上都睡不著。
A bad traffic jam on the highway made Élise late for her meeting.
高速公路上嚴重的交通堵塞讓 Élise 開會遲到了。
The company where Nia works suffered a bad loss after the fire.
Nia 工作的公司在火災後蒙受了嚴重損失。
用法筆記
Common before nouns describing problems, injuries, or negative events. Not used before people (you cannot say a 'bad person' to mean a severely ill person).
5. having a harmful effect on the body or mind; likely to cause illness or injury
有害的
對身體健康有負面影響的
having a harmful effect on the body or mind; likely to cause illness or injury
Eating too much sugar is bad for your teeth, says the dentist.
牙醫說吃太多糖對牙齒不好。
pattern: be bad for [body part or health]
Hyun stopped eating fast food because he read it is bad for the heart.
Hyun 不再吃速食了，因為他讀到速食對心臟有害。
Mayumi thinks that sitting at a desk for eight hours is bad for her back.
Mayumi 認為在辦公桌前一坐八小時對她的背部不好。
The air quality in the city was so bad that children wore masks to school.
城市空氣品質太差了，孩子們戴著口罩上學。
文法句型
be bad for [noun]
用法筆記
Typically followed by 'for' + the thing that is harmed. Also used about air quality, food, habits, and environments.
常見錯誤
6. morally wrong and deliberately harmful, describing a person or their actions
邪惡的
道德上錯誤且故意傷害他人的
morally wrong and deliberately harmful, describing a person or their actions
The villain in the story is a bad man who wants to destroy the village.
故事裡的反派是一個想要毀滅村莊的邪惡之人。
register: describes people or actions that are morally wrong
Sofia knew that lying about the money she lost was a bad thing to do.
Sofia 知道謊報弄丟的錢是不對的行為。
Lotte felt terrible about the bad thing she said to upset her classmate.
Lotte 對自己說了傷害同學的壞話感到非常內疚。
The dictator did many bad things to keep himself in power for decades.
那位獨裁者做了許多壞事來讓自己掌權數十年。
用法筆記
Weaker than 'evil' in modern use — 'bad' here describes everyday moral failings as well as serious wrongdoing, while 'evil' is reserved for extreme cruelty.
7. not right for a particular purpose, person, or occasion because of a mismatch in
不適合
不符合目的或需要的
not right for a particular purpose, person, or occasion because of a mismatch in what is needed or wanted.
This old chair is bad for your back — it offers almost no support.
這張舊椅子不適合你的背部，幾乎沒有支撐力。
collocation: bad for + body part
Hui thought late afternoon was a bad time to meet because of heavy traffic.
Hui 認為傍晚不適合會面，因為交通太擁擠了。
collocation: a bad time to do sth
The muddy path was a bad place for a wedding ceremony in high heels.
那條泥濘的小路不適合穿高跟鞋舉辦婚禮。
Élise realized her bright dress was bad for a job interview at the bank.
Élise 意識到她那件亮色洋裝不適合到銀行面試時穿。
Sunday is a bad day to visit the museum because it closes at noon.
星期天不適合去參觀博物館，因為中午就關門了。
- unsuitable
more formal; very close in meaning
- inappropriate
formal; often used for behaviour or dress
- wrong
common but broader; can mean incorrect as well as unsuitable
- good
the standard everyday opposite
- suitable
more formal; describes a good match for a purpose
- appropriate
formal; socially or situationally correct
文法句型
bad for + noun / -ing
bad + infinitive
用法筆記
Common in the patterns 'bad for + noun/gerund' and 'a bad + noun + infinitive'. Subject is typically a time, place, object, or situation that does not match what is needed. Distinguish from sense 1 (UNPLEASANT): this sense describes a poor match, not a feeling of unhappiness.
常見錯誤
8. hurting or making a part of your body hurt, usually because of injury, disease,
疼痛的
身體部位因受傷或疾病而不舒服
hurting or making a part of your body hurt, usually because of injury, disease, or overuse.
Hyun has a bad knee and cannot run very far these days.
Hyun 的膝蓋會痛，這些天沒辦法跑太遠。
structure: have a bad + body part
After the long hike, Lucía's feet were so bad that she could barely walk.
長途健行之後，Lucía 的腳非常不舒服，幾乎走不動。
predicative: feet were bad
The cold winter air makes my grandmother's arthritis worse, and she feels bad all season.
寒冬的空氣讓我祖母的關節炎惡化，她整個季節都不舒服。
A bad toothache kept Ishaan awake until the dentist opened in the morning.
Ishaan 因為牙齒疼痛，整晚睡不著，直到早上診所開門。
Defne saw a doctor about her bad back after weeks at a computer.
Defne 在電腦前坐了好幾個星期之後，因為背痛去看醫生。
文法句型
have / get + bad + body part
bad + body-part noun
用法筆記
Frequently used with body parts (a bad back / knee / tooth / leg) to describe an injury or chronic condition. Can also describe general physical discomfort. Less formal than 'painful' and 'sore' in writing.
常見錯誤
9. having spoiled and no longer in a condition that is suitable for eating.
腐壞的
食物因變質而不宜食用
having spoiled and no longer in a condition that is suitable for eating.
Ada smelled the milk and realised it had gone bad overnight.
Ada 聞了聞牛奶，發現已經變質了。
phrasal pattern: go bad
Eli threw away the bad apples before they spoiled his fruit basket.
Eli 把腐壞的蘋果扔掉，以免影響到整籃水果。
attributive: bad + food noun
The chicken was bad, so Yasmin did not serve it to her dinner guests.
雞肉已經腐壞了，所以 Yasmin 沒有端出來給客人吃。
If the bread smells bad, do not eat it — it is probably no longer fresh.
如果麵包聞起來有異味就別吃，它可能已經不新鮮了。
Hoa checked the eggs and threw out the ones that had gone bad.
Hoa 檢查了那些蛋，把壞掉的挑出來扔掉。
文法句型
go bad
bad + food noun
用法筆記
Restricted to food and organic matter; never used for broken or worn-out objects. The phrase 'go bad' is a common phrasal expression that describes the process of food spoiling over time.
常見錯誤
bad — 副詞
1. used in everyday spoken English instead of 'badly' to say that you want, need, o
非常
非正式用法，表示程度強烈
used in everyday spoken English instead of 'badly' to say that you want, need, or feel something extremely
Sora wanted to go to the festival so bad that he saved money for months.
Sora 非常想去那個節慶，為此存了好幾個月的錢。
want + so bad — colloquial intensifier for desire
Lakan's knee hurt so bad after the match that he could not walk.
Lakan 比賽完膝蓋痛得不得了，連路都走不了。
hurt + so bad — intensifier for physical sensation
Apinya missed her family so bad during her first year in Japan.
Apinya 在日本的第一年非常想念她的家人。
The old refrigerator rattled so bad that the landlord finally replaced it.
那台舊冰箱發出很大的噪音，房東最後終於換了一臺新的。
Ilan needed a shower so bad after working outside all afternoon.
Ilan 在外面工作了一整個下午後，迫切需要沖個澡。
- badly
standard adverb form; use in formal contexts
- very much
neutral register, works in both formal and informal English
- terribly
similar intensity but more emphatic; e.g. 'want terribly'
- desperately
stronger emotional urgency; e.g. 'need desperately'
文法句型
want/need/miss + so bad
hurt + so bad
用法筆記
Informal only — do not use this adverb in formal writing or academic contexts. Choose 'badly' or 'very much' instead. Most common with verbs of desire (want, need) and physical sensation (hurt).