viva voce
viva voce — 名詞
1. a university test in which the student must answer questions by speaking to an e
口試
以口頭進行的考試，尤指英國大學
a university test in which the student must answer questions by speaking to an examiner rather than by writing answers down.
Anna spent the whole weekend preparing for her viva voce on medieval French poetry.
Anna 花了一整個週末準備她的中世紀法國詩歌口試。
The history department replaced its final written exam with a viva voce.
歷史系將期末筆試改為口試。
replaced [written exam] with a viva voce
After submitting her thesis, Devika faced a two-hour viva voce with three senior examiners.
Devika 提交論文後，接受了三位資深考官長達兩小時的口試。
Unlike the written paper, the viva voce let Leo explain his arguments in detail.
與筆試不同，口試讓 Leo 得以詳細解釋他的論點。
A viva voce is often the final hurdle before a doctoral degree is awarded.
口試往往是取得博士學位前的最後一道關卡。
Students took a viva voce exam in the professor's office for their master's degree.
學生在教授辦公室參加了碩士學位的口頭考試。
Camille prepared nervously for her viva voce defence of the doctoral thesis.
Camille 緊張地準備她的博士論文口頭答辯。
Many UK universities require a viva voce interview before accepting a research proposal.
許多英國大學在審查研究計畫前，會要求進行口試。
The viva voce format allows examiners to probe deeper into the candidate's reasoning.
口試的形式讓考官能夠更深入探詢考生的推理過程。
- written exam
a test answered by writing rather than speaking
文法句型
a/the viva voce
viva voce + on [topic]
用法筆記
Common in British university systems; in everyday speech often shortened to 'viva'. Not used in American academic contexts — 'oral exam' or 'defence' is preferred. The phrase can also be used attributively before a noun (e.g., 'viva voce exam', 'viva voce defence') to describe the exam type, though the noun 'viva voce' already refers to the exam itself.
常見錯誤
viva voce — 慣用語
1. Something done viva voce is carried out by speaking rather than by writing, with
口頭地
透過說話而非書寫
Something done viva voce is carried out by speaking rather than by writing, with no written record of the exchange.
The two managers agreed viva voce to merge their departments, but nothing was written down.
兩位經理口頭同意合併部門，但沒有任何書面記錄。
Bilal gave his report viva voce at the board meeting instead of distributing printed notes.
Bilal 在董事會上口頭報告，而不是發放列印的筆記。
give a report viva voce
The committee voted viva voce, with each member calling out their choice aloud.
委員會以口頭方式投票，每位成員大聲說出他們的選擇。
A verbal contract agreed viva voce can still be legally binding in some situations.
在某些情況下，口頭達成的協議仍然具有法律約束力。
- orally
more common in everyday English; less formal
- by word of mouth
same meaning but sounds slightly less formal than 'viva voce'
- in writing
done through written documents rather than speech
文法句型
do something viva voce
agree viva voce
be decided viva voce
用法筆記
Used adverbially — placed after the verb. Distinguish from the noun 'viva voce' (sense 1), which is a countable thing (an exam); this sense is an adverbial phrase describing how something is done.