bow

bow — verb

IPA/baʊ/
KK[bˈaʊ]IPA/baʊ/
  • bowpresent simple I / you / we / they
  • bows3rd person singular
  • bowing-ing form
  • bowedpast simple

1. to lower your head or upper body as a polite sign of respect, greeting, apology,

1.verbintransitiveB2
Definition

to lower your head or upper body as a polite sign of respect, greeting, apology, or thanks.

Example

Diya bowed to the old monk before entering the temple hall.

bow to + person as a sign of respect

After the final song, the band bowed together and left the stage.

performers bow to thank an audience

Common collocations
  • bow to the audience
  • bow before the king
  • bow your head
  • bow deeply
Synonyms
  • bend

    more general; not always a social gesture

  • nod

    smaller and less formal than a bow

Grammar Patterns

bow to + person

bow before + person

bow your head

Usage Note

Often followed by 'to' or 'before' when naming the person who receives the gesture. Performers also bow to an audience at the end of a show.

2. to stop resisting and accept another person's power, wishes, or pressure.

2.verbintransitiveC1
Definition

to stop resisting and accept another person's power, wishes, or pressure.

Example

After weeks of protest, the mayor bowed to public pressure.

bow to + pressure/demands/authority

The small retailer would not bow to the chain's pricing demands.

Common collocations
  • bow to pressure
  • bow to demands
  • bow to authority
Synonyms
  • submit

    more formal and often stronger

  • give in

    more everyday and less formal

Antonyms
  • resist

    to keep opposing pressure or control

Grammar Patterns

bow to + pressure

bow to + demands

bow to + authority

Usage Note

This sense is usually followed by 'to' plus the force you accept, such as pressure, demands, public anger, or authority.

Common Mistakes

The council bowed the pressure.
The council bowed to the pressure.
this sense normally needs 'to' before the force you accept.

3. to bend into an arc, or to make something take on that curved shape.

3.verbtransitive / intransitiveC1
Definition

to bend into an arc, or to make something take on that curved shape.

Example

The wet branch bowed under the weight of fresh snow.

bow under the weight of + noun

Heat made the plastic lid bow at the middle.

Common collocations
  • bow under weight
  • bow into an arc
Synonyms
  • bend

    the usual everyday word

  • curve

    focuses on the resulting shape

Antonyms

Grammar Patterns

bow under + weight

bow + object into + shape

Usage Note

Often used of wood, metal, shelves, branches, or similar things changing shape under force, heat, or weight.

Phrasal verbs

bow down to

phrasal verb

to show very strong respect or worship by bending low before someone, or to obey them too readily.

The villagers bowed down to the stone figure during the festival.

Our team should not bow down to a bully in the office.

bow out

phrasal verb

to leave a contest, plan, or public role before it ends, often politely or because continuing is not possible.

Gabriela bowed out of the race after hurting her ankle.

Two investors bowed out when the budget doubled in one month.

bow to

phrasal verb

to accept the wishes or force of a stronger person, group, or situation.

The company bowed to online anger and changed the advertisement.

Hao would not bow to threats from the rival coach.

Idioms

to behave in an overly respectful way toward someone important in order to please them.

Some managers expect staff to bow and scrape for every small favour.

Layla refused to bow and scrape just to keep the client happy.

bow — noun

IPA/baʊ/
KK[bˈaʊ]IPA/baʊ/

bow — noun

IPA/bəʊ/
KK[bˈo]IPA/boʊ/

bow — verb

IPA/bəʊ/
KK[bˈo]IPA/boʊ/
  • bowpresent simple I / you / we / they
  • bows3rd person singular
  • bowing-ing form
  • bowedpast simple

1. to make music on a string instrument by moving a bow across its strings.

1.verbtransitive / intransitiveC1
Definition

to make music on a string instrument by moving a bow across its strings.

Example

Constanza bowed the first note softly before the cello entered.

bow + note/phrase on a string instrument

In rehearsal, the violas bowed together in long, even strokes.

intransitive: players bow together

Common collocations
  • bow the violin
  • bow a note
  • bow near the bridge
Synonyms
  • play

    much broader and not specific to using a bow

Antonyms
  • pluck

    to sound the strings with the fingers instead of a bow

Grammar Patterns

bow + instrument

bow + note/phrase

bow closer to the bridge

Usage Note

Common in music teaching and performance talk. It may describe either the player or the action applied to a note, phrase, or instrument.

Synonym discussion

Sense: verb/1

When greeting or showing respect, 'bow' means lowering the upper body, not just moving the head. 'Nod' is smaller and more casual, so friends may nod to each other but they rarely bow. 'Curtsy' is the traditional movement of bending the knees, usually done by girls or women in formal settings. 'Kneel' is much stronger: it puts one or both knees on the ground and often suggests prayer, surrender, or deep honour. 'Bend' is the general physical action and does not by itself imply respect. A singer may bow after a concert, a child may nod to a neighbour, and a worshipper may kneel at an altar.

Etymology

Proto-GermanicOld EnglishMiddle Dutch / Low GermanEnglish

The /baʊ/ verb and gesture noun come from an old Germanic verb meaning 'bend'. The /boʊ/ noun for a weapon or curved tool comes from another old word for something bent or arched. The ship sense developed separately through Dutch and Low German forms for the curved front or shoulder of a vessel, which is why modern English keeps several meanings and two common pronunciations under the same spelling.

First known use

12th century

12th century, in the meaning defined at intransitive sense 1 Noun (1)