A dehumidifier removes moisture from the air, making a room less damp. A humidifier does the opposite — it adds moisture to dry air, helpful in winter or arid climates. An air conditioner cools the air and may reduce humidity as a side effect, but its primary purpose is temperature control, not moisture removal. An air purifier removes dust, pollen, or smoke particles from the air but does not change the humidity level. For example, you use a dehumidifier in a musty basement, a humidifier in a dry bedroom during winter, an air conditioner on a hot summer day, and an air purifier in a room with pet dander or smoke.
Formed from the prefix 'de-' (meaning 'removal' or 'reversal'), the adjective 'humid' (from Latin 'umidus' meaning 'damp, moist'), and the suffix '-ifier' (from Latin '-ficare', meaning 'to make'). The word literally means 'something that makes not damp'. The term entered English in the early 20th century as electrical appliances for controlling indoor moisture became common.