light

IPA/laɪt/
KK[lˈaɪt]IPA/laɪt/

light — verb

  • lightpresent simple I / you / we / they
  • lights3rd person singular
  • lighting-ing form
  • litpast simple
  • lightedpast participle

1. to put a flame to something so that it begins to burn, or for an object to begin

1.verbtransitive / intransitiveB1
Definition

to put a flame to something so that it begins to burn, or for an object to begin burning by itself.

Example

Grandpa lit the candles on the birthday cake with a long match.

light + [object] with [tool]

The dry leaves lit easily once the wind picked up in the garden.

intransitive: [object] + lights (begins to burn)

Common collocations
  • light a candle
  • light a match
  • light a cigarette
  • light a fire
  • light the stove
Synonyms
  • ignite

    more formal or technical; common in writing about engines or fuels

  • kindle

    literary; usually for starting a fire from small materials like twigs

  • set fire to

    phrasal; often suggests intentional or harmful burning

Antonyms
  • extinguish

    formal; to make a flame stop burning

  • put out

    everyday phrasal verb for stopping a flame

Grammar Patterns

light + [object]

[object] + lights

Usage Note

Past tense and past participle are both 'lit' in everyday use; 'lighted' also exists but is far less common. Object is usually a flame-bearing thing: candle, match, cigarette, fire, stove.

Common Mistakes

I lighted the candle yesterday.
I lit the candle yesterday.
for the simple past, 'lit' is the standard form in modern English.

2. to send light onto a place or thing so that people can see it clearly, often usi

2.verbtransitiveB2
Definition

to send light onto a place or thing so that people can see it clearly, often using lamps, candles, or other light sources.

Example

Hundreds of small lanterns lit the narrow streets of the old town.

light + [place]

The stage was lit by warm yellow lamps during the school play.

passive: be lit by [light source]

Common collocations
  • light the room
  • light the stage
  • light the path
  • lit by candles
  • lit by the moon
Synonyms
  • illuminate

    more formal; common in writing about buildings, monuments, or art

  • light up

    phrasal; very common in everyday speech for the same meaning

  • brighten

    suggests an increase in existing light, not creating it from darkness

Antonyms
  • darken

    to make a place less bright

Grammar Patterns

light + [place / object]

be lit by [light source]

Usage Note

Frequently passive ('be lit by…'). Subject is typically a light source (lamp, candle, fireworks, sun); object is a place or surface. Distinguish from sense 1: this sense is about brightness, not about starting a flame.

Common Mistakes

The lamp lighted the candle on the table.
The lamp lit up the table next to the candle.
for the brightness sense, the object should be a place or surface, not another flame.

light — noun

light — adjective

Word family

Synonym discussion

Sense: noun/1

All five words describe what we see when something gives off energy our eyes can detect, but they sit at different points on a scale of intensity, formality, and feel. 'Light' is the everyday, neutral term and works in almost any context, from a candle to the sun to a phone screen. 'Brightness' focuses on the level or strength rather than the phenomenon itself — you talk about adjusting the brightness of a screen, not the light of a screen. 'Illumination' is more formal and is preferred in technical, architectural, or artistic writing about how a space or object is lit. 'Glow' suggests a soft, warm, often steady source — embers, fairy lights, a sunset. 'Glare' is harsh, uncomfortable light that hurts the eyes, such as headlights at night or sun off snow. So you might say: 'There wasn't enough light in the room' (everyday), 'The brightness of the screen was hurting his eyes' (level), 'The gallery's illumination was carefully designed' (formal), 'The fire's gentle glow filled the cabin' (soft), 'The glare from the windscreen made driving difficult' (harsh).

Common collocations

Nouns

  • ray of light
  • beam of light
  • source of light
  • speed of light
  • shaft of light

Phrases

Prepositions

  • in the light
  • by the light of
  • against the light
  • into the light
  • out of the light

Etymology

Proto-Indo-EuropeanProto-GermanicOld EnglishEnglish

The noun and adjective senses of 'light' come from two different Old English words that happened to sound alike. The 'brightness' meaning traces to Old English 'leoht', from a Proto-Germanic root shared with German 'Licht', and ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to shine'. The 'not heavy' meaning comes from a separate Old English word 'leoht' (or 'liht'), from a Proto-Germanic root meaning 'easy, of small weight', related to Latin 'levis' (light in weight). Over time the two words merged in spelling and pronunciation, which is why a single English form covers such different ideas. The verb 'to light' (to set burning, to make bright) is built directly from the brightness noun and is recorded in English from around the 12th century.

First known use

12th century

12th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a Adjective (1)