ratification

/ˌrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ (bre, ipa) · /ˌrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ (ame, ipa) · /ˌra-tə-fə-ˈkā-shən/ (ame, mw)

ratification — noun

1. the formal act, usually by voting, of officially accepting a treaty, law, or con

1.名詞B2
釋義

the formal act, usually by voting, of officially accepting a treaty, law, or contract so that it becomes legally valid and binding

例句

Femi voted for the ratification of the new climate treaty in parliament today.

ratification + of + [document] — specifying the approved item

The constitutional amendment needs ratification by at least three-quarters of the states.

ratification + by + [body] — specifying who approves

同義詞
  • approval

    more general; ratification is a specific, formal type of approval

  • confirmation

    less formal and often administrative; ratification has legal weight

  • endorsement

    can be public support; ratification is a binding official act

  • validation

    focuses on proving correctness; ratification focuses on official consent

反義詞
  • rejection

    the opposite outcome when a body votes against ratification

  • veto

    a single-party power to block ratification

文法句型

ratification of [document/agreement]

ratification by [body/person]

用法筆記

Typically used with of + the item being approved (ratification of a treaty). Common verbs that precede it include seek, require, vote for, push for, achieve, and delay. Almost always appears in formal legal or political contexts.

常見錯誤

❌The president gave ratification to the new law.
✅The president signed the ratification of the new law.
💡ratification is the act itself, not something you "give" to something else.
❌I need your ratification to buy a car.
✅The board's ratification is needed before the merger can go ahead.
💡ratification is a formal/official act, not personal permission.